No abstract available

[en] The properties and producing methods of polyolefin fibrillating fiber were introduced in this paper. The research progress of polyolefin fibrillating fiber and the fibrillating device were reviewed. At the same time, the disparity of fibrillating device at home and abroad was discussed. The problems existing in the domestic polyolefin fibrillating fiber were pointed out, and the development trend of f polyolefin fibrillating fiber was discussed. (paper)

[en] Electrospinning is one of the most used processes for the production of nanofibers, due to its simplicity and versatility. This paper presents the current state of the melt electrospinning, which is less used than the solution electrospinning but which is the only way of electrospinning polymers with very limited solubility and high electrical resistivity such as polyolefins. The advantages of melt electrospinning, as well as the constraints of this method, are reviewed, and the factors that influence the process are described. The paper are presented the main applicability domains of nanofibers obtained in this way and the prospects of future development. (paper)

No abstract available

[en] This invention relates to compositions of olefinic polymers suitable for high energy radiation treatment. In particular, the invention relates to olefinic polymer compositions that are stable to sterilizing dosages of high energy radiation such as a gamma radiation. Stabilizers are described that include benzhydrol and benzhydrol derivatives; these stabilizers may be used alone or in combination with secondary antioxidants or synergists

[en] Full text: Luminescence compositions on the basis polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene (PP) with different contents of binary compounds based on cadmium sulfide and of zine sulfide (CdS and ZnS). Compositions as films have been obtained with thickness of about 100 mkm by mixing of powders of polymer and sulfides with the subsequent pressing at temperature of melting of a polymeric matrix. Molecular mobility of a polymeric matrix of luminescence compositions is investigated by a method of radio thermo luminescence (RTL). RTL spectra have been obtained in visible oblast on thermo luminograph of TLG-69M (on base of PhM51) at heating rate ∼ 10 degree/minute. Excitation was carried out at 77K from a source 60Co at a doze 104Gy. Comparison of RTL spectrums of unfilled polymer and compositions with various contents of filler is lead. It is established, that RTL spectrums of composites on basis of PE have four maxima at temperature ranges of 146†155K; 172†178K; 238†250K; 293†308K, two peaks of which concern to a polymeric matrix (146†155K; 172†178K). RTL spectrums of composites on the basis of PP have a maximum at temperature ranges of 160?170K; 242?250K; 301?305K, one of which concerns to a polymeric matrix (160†170K). The maxima relating to polymeric matrix characterizes molecular mobility in area of β relaxation of small kinetic segments (on Boer) and second maximum of β relaxation of larger segments of macromolecules of polymer. Presence of luminophore on the basis of double sulfides with an impurity of atoms of silver results on the one hands in more clear split of β relaxation (β' and β⁾ and on the other hand filler has own luminescence. At studying of RTL spectrums the shift of temperature displacing in to high temperatures with increase of filler content was observed. The amplitude of a luminescence has extreme character and at 10% vol. content of filler in a polymeric matrix gets maximal values.It is shown, that introduction of luminescence filler strongly influences on molecular mobility of polymeric matrix and as a result the density of energy levels in interphone boundary of polymer-luminescent particle changes and this in turn influences on luminescence properties of compositions on their basis. A polyolefin's with binary compounds allows identify complex character of molecular mobility in these systems.

[en] A method was developed for calculating the molecular weight distribution of a polymer melt from its rheology, specifically dynamic or relaxation moduli data. The molecular weight range covered by the solution is specified by the source data or the entanglement molecular weight, and the blending rule consistent with double reptation was used. The solutions for both the discrete relaxation spectrum and final molecular weight distribution were obtained by Tikhonov regularization with the molecular weight distribution solution being particularly sensitive to the value of the regularization parameter λ_R used in the calculations. Here, λ_R was varied and patterns developed between the most appropriate values for an acceptable solution and the polydispersity of the corresponding samples. For relatively low λ_R values, the algorithm was precise enough to resolve individual components in nearly monodisperse, binary blend, and multimodal systems with as many as 13 components. Results for commercial materials of varying polydispersity generally agreed with the molecular weight distributions from chromatography with slightly higher λ_R values, particularly the location of peak molecular weights. Commercial polyolefins, which required still higher λ_R values, gave consistently poorer results due to restricted molecular weight ranges allowed by the source data

[en] Transforming renewable biomass into cost competitive high-performance biofuels and bioproducts is key to US energy security. Butanol production by microbial fermentation and chemical conversion to polyolefins, elastomers, drop-in jet or diesel fuel, and other chemicals is a promising solution. A high temperature fermentation process can facilitate butanol recovery up to 40%, by using gas stripping. Other benefits of fermentation at high temperatures are optimal hydrolysis rates in the saccharification of biomass which leads to maximized butanol production, decrease in energy costs associated with reactor cooling and capital cost associated with reactor design, and a decrease in contamination and cost for maintaining a sterile environment. Butanol stripping at elevated temperatures gives higher butanol production through constant removal and continuous fermentation. We describe methods used in an attempt to genetically prepare Geobacillus caldoxylosiliticus for insertion of a butanol pathway. Methods used were electroporation of electrocompetent cells, ternary conjugation with E. coli, and protoplast fusion.

[en] Degradation rates are normally increased by increasing the responsible environmental stresses. The authors describe results for a semi-crystalline, crosslinked polyolefin material that contradicts this assumption. Under combined radiation plus thermal environments, this material mechanically degrades much faster at room temperature than at elevated temperatures. The probable explanation relates to the importance on mechanical properties of the tie molecules connecting crystalline and amorphous regions. Partial melting and reforming/reorganization of crystallites occurs throughout the crystalline melting region (at least room temperature up to 126 degrees C), with the rate of such processes increasing with temperature. At low temperature, where this process is slow, a large percentage of the radiation-damaged tie molecules will still connect the amorphous and crystalline regions at the end of aging, leading to rapid reductions in tensile properties. At higher temperatures, the enhanced annealing rate will lead, during the aging, to the establishment of new, undamaged tie molecules. This healing process will reduce the degradation rate. Evidence in support of this model is presented

No abstract available