[en] This is a popular introduction to the development of the Bergbau-Forschung GmbH coal gasification process. (UA)

[en] Direct application of nuclear process heat could be one of the vital problems in future energy systems. The authors made a system analysis on process-heat application and a economical feasibility study on supply technologies. This paper presents those results and gives a brief description of the recent RandD activities

[en] In the light of the high price of coal and the enormous advances made recently in nuclear engineering, the possibility of using heat from high-temperature nuclear reactors for gasification processes was discussed as early as the 1960s. The advantages of this technology are summarized. A joint programme of development work is described, in which the Nuclear Research Centre at Juelich is aiming to develop a high-temperature reactor which will supply process heat at as high a temperature as possible, while other organizations are working on the hydrogasification of lignites and hard coals, and steam gasification. Experiments are at present being carried out on a semi-technical scale, and no operational data for large-scale plants are available as yet. (author)

[en] A brief account is given of the IAEA specialist meeting on process heat applications technology held in Julich, November 1979. The main emphasis was on high temperature heat exchange. Papers were presented covering design requirements, design construction and prefabrication testing, and selected problems. Primary discussion centered around mechanical design, materials requirements, and structural analysis methods and limits. It appears that high temperature heat exchanges design to nuclear standards, is under extensive development but will require a lengthy concerted effort before becoming a commercial reality. (author)

[en] This invention concerns a device for manufacturing methane or synthetic gas from materials containing carbon using a nuclear reactor, where part of the carbon is gasified with hydration and the remaining carbon is converted to synthetic gas by adding steam. This synthetic gas consists mainly of H₂, CO, CO₂ and CH₄ and can be converted to methane in so-called methanising using a nickel catalyst. The hydrogen gasifier is situated in the first of two helium circuits of a high temperature reactor, and the splitting furnace is situated in the second helium circuit, where part of the methane produced is split into hydrogen at high temperature, which is used for the hydrating splitting of another part of the material containing carbon. (orig./RB)

[en] The applications of nuclear process heat are discussed and a survey of possible processes is given. These include processes using: steam from cogeneration plants, steam reformers, intermediate heat exchangers. The present status of the technology is outlined and reasons for the introduction of nuclear process heat given. (U.K.)

[en] The High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR) provides a basis for expanding the role of nuclear energy into the transportation and direct heat energy sectors, in the former through synthetic fuels programs and in the latter through industrial process heat. This additional potential for the HTGR is founded upon its high temperature capabilities, unique among current nuclear concepts. In addition to allowing direct competition with fossil fuels, the high temperature capabilities of the HTGR allow consideration of energy storage and distribution concepts based upon sensible heat and latent chemical energy. 7 refs

[en] Studies conductd on HTGR systems in FY 1980 were concluded in Application Study Reports to describe the preconceptual system designs to that point and discuss possible applications for three variations of the systems; the steam cycle/cogeneration plant, the higher temperature reformer plant, and the gas turbine concept. The HTGR-Reformer Application Study was conceived and directed to evaluate the HTGR-R with a core outlet temperature of 850⁰C as a near-term Lead Project and as a vehicle to long-term HTGR Program Objectives. The scope of this effort included evaluations of the HTGR-R technology, evaluation of potential HTGR-R markets, assesment of the economics of commercial HTGR-R plants, and the evaluation of the program scope and expenditures necessary to establish HTGR-R technology through the completion of the Lead Project

[en] The purpose of this paper is twofold: to report industrial experience with process energy system reliability, and to assess the reliability of multiunit nuclear and fossil-fired energy systems in an industrial setting. Reliability here refers to the percentage of clock time that sufficient amounts of steam energy were available to permit desired production quotas to be met at a particular plant. A nationwide survey was conducted to obtain data relative to energy system reliabilities during 1973--74, and these data for 29 plants from chemicals and allied products (S.I.C. 28), petroleum refining and related industries (S.I.C. 29) and primary metals industries (S.I.C. 33) are reported here. A simulation model in which various operating characteristics of the energy systems were taken into account was developed to obtain estimates of reliabilities of proposed multiunit nuclear and fossil-fired systems. Based on several example problems evaluated with the simulation model, study results indicated that multiple nuclear units or a combination of nuclear and fossil-fired units could provide adequate reliability to meet large-scale industrial requirements for continuity of service

[en] This report is designed to be a reference resource and is an update of the report, same subject, issued by GCRA in December 1981. It gives a broad perspective of the potential HTGR market for industrial process heat and is intended to serve as a briefing document for those wishing to obtain background information or to serve as a starting point from which more detailed and refined studies may be undertaken. This report presents a qualitative and quantitative description of the industrial process heat market in the US, provides a summary discussion of cogeneration experience to date, and outlines the existing institutional and financial framework for cogeneration. The report presents the latest developments in regulatory and legislative activities which are associated with that technology. Finally, the report presents a brief discussion of an advanced process heat distribution system, coupled with an HTGR configuration which has been under study during the current fiscal year by one of the program participants