[en] Due to the general catastrophic situation of radiation oncology in Russia, its outdated equipment and shortage of medical physicists, the clinical dosimetry is also in a very poor state and doesn't meet the modern requirements of the quality assurance in radiotherapy. In Russia there are 140 radiotherapy departments, 100 medical accelerators and 250 gamma apparatus but only 150 clinical dosimeters and 75 dose field analyzers, 90% of which are morally and physically obsolete and do not meet the requirements of the quality assurance. Ten percent of the radiotherapy departments are not equipped with clinical dosimeters at all. There is no national program of quality assurance in radiotherapy. Service for dosimetry equipment calibration is lacking. The national standards and protocols of clinical dosimetry haven't been elaborated. Two-hundred-and-sixty medical physicists work in radiotherapy, 90% of whom have insufficient experience and qualification. Ten percent of radiotherapy departments do not have medical physicists in its staff at all and the rest of the departments face a shortage of medical physicists. The number of medical physicists is not enough to provide the full medical physics service. Qualified medical physicists do not stay long in clinics because of the small salary. As a result of these drawbacks the accuracy of the therapeutic dose delivery to the tumour often achieves 30% instead of the 5% admissible error. This situation leads to high radiation risks, particularly for radiation overdosage or underdosage during the patient's treatment. However, there are no radiation accident statistics in Russia; therefore it's impossible to evaluate them in terms of quantity. Unfortunately, this is the outcome of the lack of the state policy in this field. Neither the Health Ministry nor the Rosatom is concerned about this problem. The only thing that the Health Ministry is undertaking now is the purchase of the new equipment, dosimetry equipment included, for the oncology institutions. But this happens without the necessary organization of the medical physicists' education and regulation based improvement

No abstract available

[en] Russia Governmental Committee of Hydrology and Metrology carries out composite radiation monitoring in Russia. The independent investigation conduction is explained by a low trust of population and the general public to the authorities and institutions representing departmental interests. The work was conducted on the initiation of a public organization named as Soyuz Chernobyl of Russia and supported by the Headquarters of RSC KI, Bremen University (Germany) and Portsmut University (England) under the financial aid and technical assistance of 'Korolevskoe obshestvo' (England). A group of independent experts monitored a level of the contamination in Bryansk, Orlovsk, Tulsk and Kaluzhsk regions of Russia, using the means of the field radiometry and spectrometry as well as outcomes of the ground and water samples investigations conducted in laboratories. The obtained data are compared with official ones. The detected deviations (Sudidmir, Kaluzhsk region) and features of the independent monitoring organization discussed. (author)

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[en] 27 June 1954 saw the birth of nuclear power in the Soviet Union when a 5 MWe plant went into operation. The second reference point falls on 26 April 1986. Since then the fate of nuclear energy in the Soviet Union has been transformed once again: ft is now clear the Chernobyl did not entirely bury the notion of building nuclear p0wer stations. There are even signs that the leaders of the new states, as well as the general public, are beginning to see some of benefits of continuing with nuclear power programmes

[en] Short communication

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[en] In this context, the first day of the workshop was dedicated to assessing the incentives and disincentives the United States and Russia face in pursuing further arms control agreements as well as the role of arms control in the two countries’ foreign policies and security strategies.On the second day, the workshop participants explored four pathways for a renewal of U.S.-Russian arms control, including:New START extension or a New START follow-on agreement; an agreement which meets Russia at least half way in the strategic space; an agreement addressing challenges to European nuclear stability; and unusual mix-and-match approaches that might be taken. The discussions and their results are summarized here.

[en] This presentation covers the measures related to regulation of nuclear security in the Russian Federation taken during the period since 2009 and activities planned for the future. Changes and amendments to the regulatory and methodological documents of federal and departmental levels are described. (author)

[en] Complete text of publication follows. In Russia, at Lebedev Physical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences (LPI), the issues of IFE target fabrication are focusing on methods that will scale to a high rep-rate and cost-effective target production. To realize the goal, an approach based on using free-standing targets (FST) at each production step has been developed at LPI. In this report we discuss the main results achieved at LPI in the area of IFE-related technologies: 1. It has been shown (theoretically and experimentally) that the fuel layer structure is of crucial importance for the development of IFE injection scenario. In optimal case, the fuel layer should be in an ultra-fine state. 2. Experimentally, the FST technologies developed at LPI allow forming the cryogenic layers in an ultra-fine state. Using high-melting additives in the range of 3-to-20% stabilizes the meta-stable ultra-fine fuel layers. That means that te FST technology is promising for the formation of ultra-fine cryogenic layers from DT-mixture. Tritium here stands as a high-melting additive relative to deuterium. 3. Program 'Multiple target protection methods' is under way. Among they are: Target materials. They must satisfy a wide range of required and desirable characteristics. Optimal micro-structural design and materials selection allow one to obtain chemical, physical and mechanical characteristics for specific applications; Outer reflective metal coating. This has been experimental by depositing the outer reflective layer of Pt/Pd (200 A thick) onto the polystyrene shell (1.5 mm-diam.) and filling it with D₂ fuel (50 μm-thick layer) having 3% additive of Ne. Then, a solid layer is formed inside the shell by the FST layering method; Outer protective cryogenic coating (solid Xe, Ne or D₂). Using the piezo-vibrator (i.e. R and B cell made at LPI) the outer cryogenic layers from solid I₂ have been fabricated onto the polystyrene shells. These proof-of-principle experiments showed the possibility to form outer protective cryogenic layers; Protective cover (shroud). The target injection scenario has been developed including co-injection of a special protective cover (shroud from solid Xe, Ne or D₂) ahead of the target that forms a wake area in the fill gas to avoid convective heating. 4. A concept of target factory based on FST technologies have been proposed at LPI and then examined in 7 different projects. The concept aims to demonstrate large benefits of using free-standing targets for realizations of a production scheme 'covering the shells with an outer protective layer - shells filling with fuel - fuel layering inside a batch of moving free-standing shells - rep-rate assembly of target-and-sabot units - target injecting'. In the process, the target interface issues are of critical importance. 5. A prototypical target factory was accomplished at LPI with the demonstration of filling (up to 1000 atm), layering (up to 100 μm-thick layers) and injection of millimeter size free-standing targets. The repetition rate is about 0.1 Hz. 6. Research has shown that the FST technologies are suitable not only for spherical cryogenic targets, but also for cylindrical ones (hohlraum targets for laser and heavy-ion drivers, cryogenic cylindrical targets for LAPLAS experiments on the FAIR facility etc.). 7. The created science and technologies base is currently used at LPI for development of the FST-layering module for a high rep-rate production of cryogenic spherical shock ignition targets of a HiPER-class (diameter ∼ 2 mm, w = 211 μm; E_l ∼ 200 kJ, v ≥ 1 Hz). The aim of these targets is to demonstrate the feasibility of laser driven fusion for IFE reactor.