[en] The principal types of biofuels that can be obtained from biorenewable energy sources are analyzed. As these sources, various sorts of biomass, which is accumulated upon photosynthetic conversion of solar energy, are considered. A typical feature of biofuel production is combination of chemical and biotechnological approaches.

[en] India has committed to Paris Agreement to generate 30 per cent of its total electricity from renewable Sources by 2030. Roof top solar system will help it to some extent. It is also expected that the distribute; generation (roof top solar PV) at the consumer end will compensate to the acute power shortage in several states. (author)

[en] Solar drier does not degrade any more the dried products with the manner of the products dried at the natural sun. The drying unit is composed mainly of a solar air collector and an enclosure of drying. The transformation of the solar radiation into heat is done thanks to the solar collector whose effectiveness is increased by the addition of suitable baffles in the mobile air vein. The efficiency of the collector reaches then 80. The hot air on the outlet side of the collector arrives in the enclosure of drying where the heat transfer with the product to be dried is done by convection. The kinetics drying study shows that in addition to the dependence of the temperature and air velocity of drying, the speed of drying also depends on fragmentation on the product to dry, and mainly, of the product surface in contact with the drying air. Thus, the hygrometry is reduced from 76 to 13 pour cent in one day.. The total efficiency of the drier reached 28 pour cent

[en] Two trinuclear ruthenium complexes [{TolylTerpyRu}₃(L3A)].(PF₆)₉ and [{TolylTerpyRu}₃(L3B)].(PF₆)₉ containing the star-shaped ligands 1,3,5-tris{[4-(2,2:6,2-terpyridinyl)-1-pyridiniumyl]methyl-phenyl}benzene (L3A) and 2,4,6-tris{[4-(2,2:6,2-terpyridinyl)-1-pyridiniumyl]methyl}mesitylene (L3B), respectively, have been synthesized and characterized using electro-spray ionization mass spectrometry, UV-Vis spectroscopy, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. These cationic ligands have been synthesized using a 1,3,5-tri-phenyl-benzene or a mesitylene core and the N-alkylation of the 4-pyridyl group of 4-(4-pyridyl)-2,2:6,2-ter-pyridine (terpy,py). The electrochemical properties of the two trinuclear ruthenium complexes have been compared to analogous dinuclear and mononuclear ruthenium complexes. (authors)

[en] About 20 years ago, we decided to make our house. Being working on the utilization of solar energy and with the objective of saving maximum conventional fuel and some family budget, we dicided to make use of maximum this free and clean fuel. After buying the land with proper orientation, we installed different cheap devices and left the proper provision for another devices to installed in future. At present we solar energy mainly for cooking, water heating for bath and dish washing, drying clothes/fruits/vegetables, purification (pasteurization) of water. In addition. we also use solar cells for some electrical devices like solar radio, solar lamp for emergency, charging batteries and mobile phone etc. For our family of five persons, having 3 coloured TV, 2 computers using many hours of Internet, without any use of fuel other than electricity and sun, our electricity consumption is of the order of 270 (dry/summer)-350 (wet/rainy) kWh/month, depending on the season (US$16-21/month). This is roughly 40-50% of the electricity consumed by my other colleagues who do not use solar energy. With this saving, the initial cost of solar devices (US$1200-1400) is already recovered. In this presentation, construction and results of working of these solar thermal, electrical devices and other energy saving means at our house are mentioned.(Author)

[en] Hydrogen is a sustainable fuel option and one of the potential solutions for the current energy and environmental problems. Its eco-friendly production is really crucial for better environment and sustainable development. In this paper, various types of hydrogen production methods namely solar thermal (high temperature and low temperature), photovoltaic, photoelectrolysis, biophotolysis etc are discussed. A brief study of various hydrogen production processes have been carried out. Various solar-based hydrogen production processes are assessed and compared for their merits and demerits in terms of exergy efficiency and sustainability factor. For a case study the exergy efficiency of hydrogen production process and the hydrogen system is discussed in terms of sustainability. (author)

[en] The paper presents an original technical solution for heating and cooling of premises using solar energy only. The main equipment is thermo-pump fed by photo-voltaic system. This combination permits the conversion of 45% of the solar energy to heat regardless of winter conditions. It is investigated the possibility for the use of an inverter air conditioning installation to maintain the conditions

[en] Certain aspects of activities in the area of solar energy adsorption, storage and transformation are elucidated. The processes related to realization of the closed thermal-chemical cycle on the basis of methane carbonic acid conversion as well as the open solar cycle for oil shale gasification were studied. 15 refs.; 7 figs

[en] This paper presents data on measurement of actual solar radiation in Abu Dhabi (24.43 deg. N, 54.45 deg. E). Global solar radiation and surface temperatures were measured and analyzed for one complete year. High resolution, real-time solar radiation and other meteorological data were collected and processed. Daily and monthly average solar radiation values were calculated from the one-minute average recorded values. The highest daily and monthly mean solar radiation values were 369 and 290 W/m², respectively. The highest one-minute average daily solar radiation was 1041 W/m². Yearly average daily energy input was 18.48 MJ/m²/day. Besides the global solar radiation, the daily and monthly average clearness indexes along with temperature variations are discussed. When possible, global solar energy radiation and some meteorological data are compared with corresponding data in other Arab state capitals. The data collected indicate that Abu Dhabi has a strong potential for solar energy capture

[en] In this paper presenting experimental research for solar energy production the day time is defined, using state-of-the-art industrial photo-electric converters (PEC) on the basis of crystalline silicon. Based on the obtained practical results, it has been constructed an experimental solar energy device. The device has been tested for a year and and its characteristics have been investigated