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[en] To develop of both test-systems for rapid detection and identification of B. anthracis spores and a new subunit vaccine the antigens on the spore surface should be characterized. Exosporium consists of two layers-basal and peripheral and has been form by protein, amino- and neutral polysaccharides, lipids and ash. Number of anthrax exosporium proteins was described and identified: glycoprotein BclA, BclB, alanine racemase, inosine hydrolase, glycosyl hydrolase, superoxid dismutase, ExsF, ExsY, ExsK,CotB,CotY and SoaA. So far no glycosylated proteins other then highly immunogenic glycoproteins BclA, BclB were detected in the B. anthracis spore extract although several exosporium-specific glycoprotein have been described in other members of the B.cereus family- B. thuringiensis and B. cereus. Although EA1 protein originally described as main component of S-layer from vegetative cells he can regular observed in different exosporium preparations and additionally some anti- EA1 monoclonal antibodies able to recognize spore surface. We have revealed that EA1 isolated from spore of Russians strain STI-1contain carbohydrate which determine immunogenicity of this antigen. Because some time ago we have found that exosporium protein's pattern variable among B. anthracis strains we investigated exosporium from spore of different strains of B. anthracis including STI-1, Ames, Stern and others. We have comparative characterized antigens by using Western Blotting, Two-Dimensional electrophoresis and Mass Spec analysis. The results of analysis will be presented and discussed.(author)

[en] Asplenium is a largest, most diverse fern genera. One of the common species is Asplenium nidus, well known as Bird's-nest fern, a medium to large fern with erect, stout, unbranched rhizomes. In creating variability of ferns for the benefit of the ornamental plant industry, in vitro mutagenesis is used. In this study, spores of Asplenium nidus were collected from frond bearing mature sporangia. Spores were cultured in modified 1/2 MS basal medium supplemented with various combinations of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and Naphtalene Acetic Acid (NAA). Spore cultures were incubated in incubation room at 24 degree C with 16 hours photoperiod (3500 lux). It was found that, the most effective combinations were 1 mg/1 BAP + 0. 1 mg/1 NAA and 2mg/1 BAP + 0. 1 mg/1 NAA. Prothallus was formed after 10 days of cultures and gametophytes were formed 1 month later. These gametophytes were irradiated with Gamma ray at doses of 0, 20, 90, 120, 150 and 180 Gy. From the preliminary result obtained from this study, for generating variations and desired phenotypic expression for Asplenium nidus, recommended doses for in vitro mutagenesis using spores are between 90 Gy to 150 Gy. Gametophytes were subcultured at monthly interval to ensure further development and propagation. Frequent monitoring for any changes in the morphology of the irradiated Asplenium nidus plants were carried out. (Author)

[en] Acetobacter xylinum, an aerobic Gram-negative bacterium secretes ribbon-like cellulose polymer through the cell wall during growth. The information available on the growth determination of this organism was largely based on turbidimetric measurements which are inaccurate due to the presence of cellulose fragments in the growth medium. Therefore, this study was aimed at developing a rapid and more accurate method for the determination of A. xylinum growth through total protein analysis. The fermentation process was carried out at room temperature in static cultures using Hestrin-Schramm medium at pH 6.4 for 19 days. The methods used for the bacterial growth determination included the total protein content, cell dry weight, viable plate count, and turbidimetry. The total cellular protein content was determined based on the Lowry method after the cells were hydrolyzed in 3 % (w/v) of potassium hydroxide (KOH) and boiled for 20 minutes. It was found that the growth profile obtained through the total protein analysis has similar pattern with other conventional methods. However, this method was found to be more accurate and less time-consuming compared to viable plate count and cell dry weight. The growth curve obtained showed four microbial growth phases, namely lag phase (day 0 - day 3), log phase (day 4 - day 12), stationary phase (day 13 - day 16), and finally death phase. The average total cellular protein content of A. xylinum was 27.1 ± 6.8 % by weight percent. (author)