No abstract available

[en] The patent describes a device for the shifting of a probe monitoring the exhaust flow for the purpose of obtaining homogeneous samples of the exhaust flow over the whole diameter of a vent stack. (orig./RW)

[en] Gas-aerosol release (GAR) monitoring during accident consequence elimination period is described. To find the main sources of GAR were investigated the state of GAR monitoring system and equipment. The stack inner surface contamination was studied. The obtained results were used for developing recommendations for increasing reliability of GAR monitoring in the case of NPP radiation accidents. 3 figs.; 7 tabs

[en] Representative sampling is the key to measurement of airborne radioactivity from nuclear power stations. Isokinetic sampling, as practiced at Philadelphia Electric Co's Limerick Generating Station, currently under construction, is described. Isokinetic sampling is the process of drawing a sample from a moving stream of gas at the same velocity as that of the free stream. This procedure is necessary only when particles larger than 5 microns are present. Descriptions are given of measurements of effluent velocity, of radiation-monitoring subsystem for normal plant operation, and of the broad-range radiation monitoring subsystem for all conditions, including accidents

[en] Topic of soil anthropisation due to industrial activities is a relatively little studied topic, which is further discussed in this submitted thesis in the model area of Novaky town and its surroundings. The chosen area is one of the most industrial parts of Slovakia where industrial activities are reflected in the landscape with visible consequences. By the synthesis of the constructed case maps (land cover maps, soil maps and geological map), we identified four categories of the anthropogenically transformed soils locations. For all locations were created a characteristic of their genesis, soil-forming substrate and typical soils using maps and literature sources and field survey. In our work, we point to variability of differentiation of soil cover due to industrial activities in model area. (authors)

[en] Plume rise plays a significant role in determining the ambient concentrations of pollutants emitted by a stack. Extensive experimental data has been collected on plume rise from a power plant under different operating parameters and environmental conditions. Based on this experimental data plume rise equations have been developed which can prove to be very handy in predicting plume rise under various environmental stability conditions. The theoretical results have been compared with those obtained using the existing correlations available in the literature and the new correlations which have been evaluated are found to give more accurate predictions. (author)

[en] The monitoring system at the Forsmark reactor in Sweden is examined. The analysis shows that the probability of an inhibited function within a reactors life-time (30y) is 0.0113, if the demand for alarm is taken to be 0.1/y

[en] The standard is to be applied to tasks where air samples are to be taken for monitoring on radioactive contaminations. This includes especially sampling of airborne radioactive material in facilities where radioactive material is handled and sampling from exhaust air before or after the point of release from the facility into the atmosphere, e.g. from channels and stacks. The purpose of the standard is to give methods and means for gas and aerosol sampling from ducts and stacks. (orig.)

[en] The gaseous radionuclides, which are produced by neutron capture and fission reaction in nuclear reactors and are released to the atmosphere through stacks, were investigated. In this connection, the kinds of nuclides, the half life time, the decay mode like β^-, EC and IT, the major γ-ray energy, the production reaction, the target abundance, the cross section and the fission yield are given. The main nuclides contributing to the spatial dose are rare gases ⁴¹Ar, Xe and Kr. The spatial dose due to plume was calculated as the function of stack height, the distance from a stack, the amount of release, the release mode like continuous or intermittent, the γ-ray energy, the half life time, wind direction, wind velocity, solar radiation and atmospheric stability. The examples of measurement about the contribution from plume in BWRs and PWRs are presented. The results of measurement of ⁴¹Ar released from the KUR, utilizing a Ge (Li) detector, are explained and evaluated. The insitu Ge (Li) spectrum data are shown, which were taken at 100 m from the stack of the KUR on November 25 and 26, 1976. In these data, the 1293 keV peak line of ⁴¹Ar was recognized together with the small peak lines of fission products, ¹⁰⁸Ru, ⁹⁵Zr, ⁹⁵Nb and ¹³⁷Cs. Also the correlation between wind direction and the exposure rate due to ⁴¹Ar is shown and evaluated. The measured exposure rate was 0.03 to 0.13 μR/hr, utilizing the Ge (Li) detector which has the sensitivity of 0.01 to 0.02 μR/hr. It is recommended to measure with two kinds of detectors at the same time to increase the measuring reliability. (Nakai, Y.)

No abstract available