[en] A new rotating-mill fast quenching device is described which represents a modified version of an earlier model. Several improvements are made thereby avoiding vibrations present in the earlier model. The accuracy of gap setting is increased and greater speed gives rise to better quenching control. A sample catching pod forms an integral part of the apparatus and serves to cool the rollers thereby improving the quenching speed. Samples obtained show more uniform properties such as the degree of quenching, size and thickness which can be varied from 5 μm to 30 μm. Reproducibility is better than that achieved with the earlier model

[en] Spatial models of the structure of coal have been constructed. They are composed of planar models as defined in previous studies. Agreement was reached between the model and the experimental P(r) functions. Moreover, there was no need to introduce the 'non-organized carbon' proposed previously. The multiplication factor of turbostratic piles in anthracite was found to be between 2 and 3. (orig.)

[en] In coincidence with the P/Halley's passage in 1986, in situ measurements have been performed for the first time, allowing for significant progress in comet nuclei understanding. New elaborations have been produced, although a large number of questions remains still unsolved. More work is needed to prepare a valid scientific background for future ambitious space missions - which shall return to Earth samples of cometary materials. In this paper, we will focus attention on physical structure of comets and we will discuss some of the theoretical models concerning the configuration and the evolution of a comet nucleus in combination with recent space observations and laboratory measurements

[en] Abstract only

[en] This contribution compares RGU-photometrically determined space densities in both photometric populations, I and II, with density gradients of a discriminative set of multicomponent models. It submits two fields, SA 107 and SA 51, to the involved comparison procedure, since their density histograms had been derived, for one or more luminosity-groups, over distance intervals which, partly, are not the same for both populations; so they had to be approximated by least-square solution curves to be added to total (I+II) densities which, in this form, can be compared to the total model densities. The observations in both fields, again, prefer the Thick Disk model GW IV as best fitting. SA 51, almost in anticentre-direction, does so quite unconditionally, like the overwhelming majority of all fields treated within the comparison phase of the Basle Halo Program. For SA 107, this is true to a lesser degree, conform to its position in the centre-hemisphere

[en] We present the results of the third post-synopsis investigation within the frame of the Model Comparison Phase (MCP) of the Basle Halo Program. RGU photometrically determined total space density histograms for late-type giants and 1^m-interval main-sequence M(G)-groups along the direction to NGC 7006 have been compared with the gradients predicted by the standard set of five multicomponent models of the MCP. The evaluation of the comparison results significantly confirms (for the late-type giants) and, at least, does not contradict (for the main-sequence groups) the overall finding of the MCP, i.e.: strong evidence for the existence of a Thick Disk component in the galactic density distribution

[en] Early Basle RGU-three-colour photometric observations in the directions to SA 57 (Fenkart, 1967) and to SA 141 (Fenkart, 1969) have been re-reduced with the purpose of providing space density gradients to be confronted with the gradients predicted for these crucial (polar) directions by different representative models, using the same comparison method which has been systematically and homogeneously applied to four previous investigations (del Rio and Fenkart, 1987; Fenkart and Karaali, 1987; Fenkart and Topaktas, 1987; Fenkart et al., 1988). Again the (Gilmore-Wyse four-component) model which includes a thick disk population component turns out to be the best-fitting model

[en] This contribution re-examines all 1.5 halo-fields of Becker's (1965) Basle Halo Program (BHP) which had been investigated before its ''model-comparison'' phase with the purpose of comparing their three-colour photometrically determined total space densities with the gradients of a representative set standard multi-component models, each calculated for the direction to the involved field and of evaluating, for each field, the ''best-fitting'' model(s), according to a method which had been homogeneously applied upon the, investigations within the named model-comparison phase. This method is fully described and the definitions of the involved models are given, together with the adopted range of parameters (Tab. A), in the appendix of this paper. Section 1 shortly reports the almost 25 Years old history of the BHP, the extension and refinement of its investigations. Section 2 gives the general disposition of the synopsis, and the general procedure followed in the treatment of their single fields. Section 3, first, gives a qualitative description of the general behaviour of the five model-gradients in the directions to the involved fields, all pointing into the galactic anticentre-hemisphere, by enumerating four characteristic properties, (I) to (IV), shared by their mutual course in all directions to the involved fields. Section 4, finally, summarizes the results of the detailed discussions in section 3, weighted with respect to the ''sensitivity'' of the involved directions to the model distinctions. The overall conclusion represents a further comfortable confirmation of the presence of a Thick Disk component in all four directions

[en] A new refinement algorithm called the deformable complex network that combines a novel angular network-based restraint with a deformable elastic network model in the target function has been developed to aid in structural refinement in macromolecular X-ray crystallography. In macromolecular X-ray crystallography, building more accurate atomic models based on lower resolution experimental diffraction data remains a great challenge. Previous studies have used a deformable elastic network (DEN) model to aid in low-resolution structural refinement. In this study, the development of a new refinement algorithm called the deformable complex network (DCN) is reported that combines a novel angular network-based restraint with the DEN model in the target function. Testing of DCN on a wide range of low-resolution structures demonstrated that it constantly leads to significantly improved structural models as judged by multiple refinement criteria, thus representing a new effective refinement tool for low-resolution structural determination

[en] Published in abstract form only