[en] One-phase model have been reported to describing the simultaneous heat and mass transfer in a horizontal drum partially filled by sugarcane bagasse with attention to the loss of water promoted by the increase of temperature. Mass and energy balances were written in MatLab language and solved by finite difference method. Predicted temporal and spatial profiles of moisture content and temperature are shown. Experimental tests were carried out in a horizontal drum and the temporal profiles were obtained. Great adjustments between experimental and predicted data were observed, indicating that the model is able to describe the transport phenomena in this system. (Author)

[en] Published in summary form only

[en] For the first time in Cuba organic samples were analyzed by neutron reflection method. The feasibility of this method to determinate the moisture grade in sugar cane bagasse is fixed. From 0 to 50w% moisture grade with 2-3% relative accuracy can be determinated using 10m. measuring time. 7 refs

No abstract available

[en] Sugarcane bagasse is divided into two major components. They are pith and rind. Pith is the inner part of sugarcane bagasse while rind is the outer part of it. In this study, the flexural properties of pith reinforced poly (vinyl chloride) composites were compared to that of rind composites with the same matrix in variation of fibre content. The composites were produced by compression moulding method. The fibre contents were 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% in weight. Three-point bending tests were carried out to measure the flexural properties of the composites. It has been found that, in general, the addition of fibre improved the flexural modulus of the materials. Meanwhile, the rind composites were of superior flexural properties compared to the pith composites.

[en] Plant-cane stools were labelled with sup(14) CO sub(2), in the field, at Goiana-PE, Brazil, when 3, 7 and 11 months old. Each stool was enclosed in a chamber with sup(14) CO sub(2) for 90 minutes. The sub(14) C photosynthetic were measured in leaves, stalks, roots and soil 24 hours after labelling. Roots were divided into alive and dead and soil into rhizosphere and outer soil. At the end of the labelling period at 3, 7 and 11 months, 2, 19 and 1% of the initial sup(14) CO sub(2) were recovered in the plant and the soil. The low recovery of sub(14) C at 3 months could be attribute to losses by respiration and lack of sampling of the top growing point. The low CO sub(2) fixation and losses at first sampling in the 7 month old labelling were attributed to low light intensity during the day of labelling. Most of the recovered sub(14) C (>80%) was founded in the leaves but all plant parts received labelled photosynthetic. At 3 months, most of the sub(14) C translocated from the leaves went to the living roots (83%); at 7 and 11 months it went to the stalks (69 and 66%). While the roots received less than 2%. Root masses did not vary consistently along the plant cycle and dead root masses were always less than 10% of the total root mass. Radioactivity in the dead roots was always very low. These results suggest that the root system have a low turnover rate after 3 months old. (author)

No abstract available

[en] The determination of Ca, Cu, Fe and Pb in sugarcane raw spirits by atomic absorption spectrophotometry was carried out. For 20 μL injected sample, calibration within the 0,5-25,0 mg. L^-1 Ca; 0,25-5,0 mg. L^-1 Cu, Pb and Cu intervals were established using the ratios Cu, Ca, Fe and Pb absorbance versus analyte concentration, respectively. Typical linear correlations of r = 0,999 were obtained. The proposed method was applied for the direct determination of Ca, Cu, Fe and Pb in sugar cane spirits, and in samples. The results obtained were in accordance to those obtained at 95% confidence level

[en] Nutritionally, late gestation is an extremely critical production phase in the ewe flock. This is the period of the majority of foetal growth and the period when the majority of the ewe's mammary system develops. Restriction, during foetal life, will exhibit suboptimal development of the small and large intestine, deposit less bone, less muscle and fatter to weaning, and may resulted lower birth weights and weaning weights of lambs. It is essential that a specialized feeding program be used pre-lambing to support the nutrient requirements in the ewe flock. Supplement feeding pregnant ewes with molasses and cottonseed meal resulted in a higher weight of lambs at birth day, 3 months old and 6 month old In this study, the effect of supplementary feeding on the performance of pregnant ewes, grazing in a dry area of Borazjan, located at northern of Bushehr province in south Iran, was considered. In a completely randomize design, thirty pregnant ewes with average body weight of 43.2 ± 3.4 Kg, were tested for supplementary feeding with 2 treatment groups against a control group. The supplementary feeding started from 120 d of gestation and prolonged till parturition. All animals were grazed in dry land pasture and cereal crops residues all the day times but the treatment groups received concentrate supplement mixed up of: I) wheat bran +sugar cane molasses +cotton seed meal +vitamins and II) wheat bran +sugar cane molasses +urea +vitamins to provide extra macro and micro nutrients with different portion of rumen degradable and undegradable protein between treatments as described. The lambing rate was recorded and the live weight of lambs was measured at birthday, 3 and 6-month age. Results showed that the lambing rate, based on the number of lambs per groups, were similar in both treatment groups and the control as well. As it is shown in Table II, lams born from the ewes received supplement feed, had significantly (P < 0.05) higher birth weight comparing to the control but no differences were found between the treatment groups. At 3-month age, the lambs born from the ewes in treatment I showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher live weight than those of the control and treatment II. Similar trend was observed for the 6-month age lambs. The average daily live weight gain from birth to 3 month was significantly (P <0.05) affected by the treatment I but there were no difference between treatment II and the control group. Similar status was found for daily live weight gain of the lambs during 3-6 month and birth to 6 month age where only treatment I resulted a higher daily gain comparing to the control and treatment II. Approximately 50 percent of the foetal growth occurs at last month of gestation. Nutrient restrictions during this period may result in lighter lambs at birth, increased postnatal lamb losses, and lower levels of milk production. Therefore it can be concluded that feeding supplement in treatment I, compensate the nutrients deficiencies to obtain normal lambs weight but no result found when fed supplement II. The major difference between the two treatments is related to the protein source of supplement where it was provided with cotton seed meal in treatment I but urea in treatment II which resulted in a higher rumen degradable but negligible un-degradable or by pass protein source in treatment II comparing to the treatment I. It can be concluded that source of protein supplements is important to provide a reproduction response in pregnant ewes in dry area. (author)

[en] Technical report on Biofuel energy development in the Philippines and the role it can play in eradicating rural poverty and creating self-reliant communities