[en] Short communication

[en] Results of all-electron total-energy calculations for the M-bar₅<11>- and M-bar₅<10>-induced reconstructions on W(001) demonstrate (1) a reconstructed c(2 x 2) subsurface layer with displacements about one-fourth of those of the surface atoms, and (2) a reconstruction energy, 60 meV per surface and subsurface atom pair for M-bar₅<11>, which is twice that found by considering only the surface layer. The characteristic frequency associated with the displaced subsurface atom is predicted to be rigid (≅30 meV) which may explain the surface phonon spectrum observed by electron-energy-loss spectroscopy

[en] The liberation of wall particles can be: a) thermal (evaporation, desorption); b) current-induced (unipolar arcs, bundles of relativistic electrons); c) due to energetic particles (sputtering, backscattering, ion-induced desorption, blistering), photons (photo desorption) or d) to a large concentration c of hydrogen dissolved in surface-near layers. The first three topics, in particular b) and c) have been reviewed recently. We concentrate on the fourth, and point out the dominant role which c plays on the: - impurity production and release by chemical reactions between dissolved hydrogen and surface-near layers of carbides and oxides on steels, - hydrogen exchange (recycling) between plasma and wall, and associated isotopic effects, - tritium inventory in walls of devices which shall contain D-T plasmas, - surface embrittlement effects

[en] Surface-modified polymers are of substantial importance in many diverse aspects of modern technology, and whilst there are a number of existing physical and chemical methods for surface modification of polymers, the frequent requirement for significant infrastructure, harsh reaction conditions and limitation to specific polymer types led us to consider alternative chemical methods. A desirable alternative would be that amenable to a large range of polymers, permitting direct chemical modification under mild conditions and using inexpensive reagents. We report here that functionalized diarylcarbenes are excellent reactive intermediates suitable for direct surface modification of a range of organic and inorganic materials, and we have illustrated that this can be used for the introduction of visible and fluorescent chromophores, biocidal and biocompatible function

[en] Thermal properties of nuclear surface are investigated in a semi-infinite medium. Explicit analytical expressions are given for the temperature dependence of surface thickness, surface energy and surface free energy. In this model the temperature effects depend critically on the nuclear incompressibility and on the shape of the effective mass at the surface. To illustrate the relevance of theses effects we made an estimate of the temperature dependence of the fission barrier heigth

[en] Recent developments in understanding the modification of surface properties of ceramics by ion implantation are reviewed. Surface mechanical properties such as hardness, fracture toughness etc., depend on ion beam parameters and thermal treatment during or after implantation. Ion damage, amorphisation, recrystallisation, phase separation and solute diffusion in amorphous or crystalline substrate are shown to be the relevant physical processes involved

[en] 71 papers are presented on subject matters indicated in the section headings: 1) Ion-neutral and neutral-neutral interactions in the gas phase; 2) Laser physics and photonics; 3) Electron collisions and electronic capture; 4) Ion-surface interaction and plasma-related effects; 5) Cluster physics. 70 thereof are of INIS interested and are treated separately. (G.Q.)

No abstract available

No abstract available

[en] By means of the cold electron plasma equations, we have shown that surface soliton solutions can exist in semi-infinite plasmas