[en] Different embolic materials for portal vein embolization (PVE) were evaluated. Twenty pigs received left and median PVE. Hydrophilic phosphorylcholine, N-butyl cyanoacrylate, hydrophilic gel, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles measuring either 50-150 μm or 700-900 μm were used in five pigs each. Portography and portal vein pressure measurement were performed before, immediately after PVE, and before being euthanized at day 7. Tissue wedges from embolized, and non-embolized liver were obtained for pathology. After complete embolization, recanalization occurred at 7 days in one gel and one 700-900 PVA embolization. Post-PVE increase in portal pressure was found in all groups (p = 0.01). The area of the hepatic lobules in non-embolized liver was larger than in the embolized liver in all groups (p = 0.001). The ratios of the areas between non-embolized/embolized livers were 1.65, 2.19, 1.57, and 1.32 for gel, NBCA, 50-150 PVA and 700-900 PVA, respectively; the ratios of fibrosis between the embolized and non-embolized livers were 1.37, 3.01, 3.49, and 2.11 for gel, NBCA, 50-150 PVA and 700-900 PVA, respectively. Hepatic lobules in non-embolized liver were significantly larger with NBCA than in other groups (p = 0.01). Fibrosis in embolized liver was significantly higher for NBCA and 50-150 PVA (p = 0.002). The most severe changes in embolized and non-embolized liver were induced by 50-150 PVA and NCBA PVE. (orig.)

No abstract available

[en] This article shows the method analithic, results gained from determination from crystal by struvite meet with incrustation in bars the iron, that constitute the rasper from drain by excrement and rest by food from barnyard by pigs. Too describe the transformation from this minerals to newberyte, when expose to daylight and discuss the genetic from this minerals. (author)

[en] Routes of lymph drainage in the lungs of calves, MINI-LEWE piglets, and conventional store pigs were investigated by bolus application, using ⁵⁹Fe-labelled Pasteurella multocida germ suspensions and dyes or ink. Intrabronchial inoculation was conducted by means of a catheter under bronchoscopic inspection. Drainage routes of the anterior lobes in calf were found to overlap, but in both base lobes drainage paths in anterior lobes were found to be separate from those in caudodorsal regions. No non-overlapping tributary regions, on the other hand, were recordable from the lung of store pigs. Various lymph drainage routes were found to exist between the right and left base lobes of MINI-LEWE piglets. Knowledge of species-related differences in pulmonary lymph drainage is important to the development of models for animal experiments to study locally as well as systemic mechanisms of defence against pathogens of the respiratory tract. (author)

No abstract available

[en] African swine fever (ASF) is a highly lethal haemorrhagic disease of domestic pigs that may results in up to 100% mortality. Although, the disease was originally described in East Africa by Montgomery in 1921, it has subsequently been reported at epizootic scale in Central, Southern and more recently West Africa. Following an initial sporadic infection reported in 1973 which was subsequently eradicated, the recent waves of epizootics was first noticed in Nigeria around September 1997 but was confirmed in November 1997. The local government areas from Ogun and Lagos States closely bordering the previously infected Benin Republic confirmed index cases. Despite the early warning systems, it seemed the country was not well prepared for the infection and the disease reporting structure appeared deficient, hence the virus spread rapidly and the quick containment of the virus was unrealistic. In the first year of infection, a total of 125,000 pigs were lost at an estimated cost of $3.5 million. Since the time of these first outbreaks, the virus has continued to infect the country with waves of epizootics and as at the time of this report, it has been confirmed that 18 of the 36 states of the country has recorded infection with loss of an estimated one million pigs. Since a good surveillance system and rapid diagnosis of transboundary animal diseases (TAD) like ASF is key to the control and effective eradication of the virus, we carried out a nationwide epidemiological surveillance (serological and virological) in the country to determine the sero-prevalence of ASF in Nigeria, the strains of the virus currently circulating in Nigeria, and plan an effective strategies for the control and eradication of the virus through the understanding of the means and routes of spread of ASF in Nigeria. Specifically, collaborations were set-up with CISA/INIA, Spain and ILRI; the country was mapped, stratified sampling with cluster sampling within each stratum was used in farm site or slaughter slab/abattoir selection. A key factor in the selection of sites includes the main pig producing, marketing and consuming areas of the country. It must be understood that religious factors prevent close association with pigs in certain regions of Nigeria and as such, it was considered a futile exercise to expend or concentrate effort in such area in a bid to carry out surveillance for African swine fever. Sera and tissues (spleen, liver, kidney, lung and lymph nodes) were collected. Laboratory tests including i-ELISA and PCR were done. The results are shown in a table. Although work is still on going on the tissue samples, approximately 51% (70/137) of the tissue tested so far are positive. These results are similar to previous reports given in regional studies carried out in Nigeria. They indicated that since 1997, the ASF virus is still in circulation in Nigeria. It has been emphasised that no effective control of ASF exist without stamping out of all infected and in-contact animals. Movement of pigs within the country added to the re-circulation of the virus

[en] The article “No evidence of Trichinella spp. in domestic pig carcasses at a selected abattoir in southern Botswana”, written by Basiamisi Ernest Segwagwe et al., was originally published electronically with open access. The authors decided to step back from Open Choice and trasnferred the copyright to the publisher.

[en] Published in summary form only

[en] One of the widely accepted adjunctive agents in the variety of surgical modalities are sealants. Our study aim was to compare four commonly used modern sealants in a standardized experimental setting to assess their feasibility, and hemostatic efficacy in vascular anastomosis. Forty landrace pigs (weight: 24.7 ± 3.8 kg) were randomized into the control (n = 8) and four sealant groups; TachoSil® (n = 8), Tissucol Duo® (n = 8), Coseal® (n = 8), and FloSeal® (n = 8). After doing a portal vein end-to-end anastomosis as well as stitches of aortic incision, the sealants were applied on anastomotic site. The control group was left intact. In portal vein anastomosis, the sealants led to a complete hemostasis significantly better than control group. The mean of blood loss was also significantly reduced. In successful subgroups, there was a difference in the mean-time to reach complete hemostasis ranging from 15 s in Coseal® to 76 s in FloSeal® group (p   0.05). In aortotomy experiments, except Tissucol Due®, which had insufficient hemostasis, other sealants led to a complete hemostasis. The mean blood loss was significantly reduced in sealants groups as well. The four sealants are effective in reducing the suture-hole bleeding in portal vein anastomosis. However, the hemostatic potential is heterogeneous among sealants. This means that “one-size-fits-all” approach is not appropriate for application of sealants in diversity of vascular surgery and it should be based on the type and the severity of injury and the structure of tissue.

Graphical abstract

Comparison of hemostasis efficacy of four modern sealants (TachoSil®, Tissucol Duo®, Coseal®, and FloSeal®) in vascular anastomosis in porcine model. The figures below show the total blood loss (g) in the control and sealant groups after aortotomy (left) and portal vein anastomosis (right). The mean of blood loss decreased significantly by the usage of sealants in both experiment groups as compared to control group (*: p < 0.05; sealant groups vs. control group).

1. The right column shows the mean of blood loss (g) in all experiments in each group.

2. The middle column presents the subgroup with unsuccessful hemostasis at the end of observation time (Tmax = 20 sec. for aortotmy and 300 sec. for portal vein anastomosis).

3. The left column shows mean of total blood loss in subgroups with successful hemostasis during observation time (20 sec for aortotomy and 300 sec for portal vein).

[en] The purpose of this study was to develop dedicated software for quantitative analysis of the airways and to validate the software using airway phantoms and excised swine lung. The dedicated software was validated in airway phantoms and excised swine lung through comparison of the actual values with the measurements acquired with dedicated software. The accuracy of the measurements according to the reconstruction methods (standard, lung, sharp) and spatial resolution were compared using airway phantoms. Repeatability of the measurement of airway phantoms was assessed with follow-up CT scans three months later. Airway dimension measurements obtained in airway phantoms and excised swine lung showed good agreements with actual values. Airway measurements were more accurate when the sharp reconstruction algorithm was used and when the spatial resolution was improved using pixels smaller than conventional size. There was good agreement between the initial airway measurements and those obtained three months later. We developed and validated dedicated software for quantitative airway measurement. Reconstruction with sharp algorithms and high spatial resolution images is recommended for obtaining airway measurements