[en] Here evidence is presented supporting the view that the mass composition of high-energy cosmic rays is not much different from that of lower energy rays, but the scaling model is invalid. (author)

[en] An exotic cosmic-ray family event is observed in the large emulsion chamber exposed by the joint experiment at the Pamirs (4360 m above sea level). The family is composed of 120γ-ray-induced showers and 37 hadron-induced showers with individual visible energy exceeding 1 TeV. The decisive feature of the event is the hadron dominance: ΣE_γ, ΣE^(γ)_h, < E_γ>, < E^(γ)_h>, < E_γ.R_γ> and < E^(γ)_h.R_h> being 298 TeV, 476 TeV, 2.5 TeV, 12.9 TeV, 28.6 GeV m and 173 GeV m, respectively. Most probably the event is due to a Centauro interaction, which occurred in the atmosphere at ≅ 700 m above the chamber. The event will constitute the second beautiful candidate for a Centauro observed at the Pamirs. (orig.)

No abstract available

No abstract available

No abstract available

[en] Claims of new phenomena at multi-TeV energy, which cannot be accounted for by the sub-TeV particle physics based on accelerator experiments, come from (a) observations of muons from cosmic point sources (such as Cygnus X-3) and (b) anomalies in cosmic ray interactions with primary energies in excess of 100 TeV (such as Centuaro events). In examining these claims we find a common pattern emerging from these seemingly unrelated phenomena pointing at a novel interaction mechanism of photons with matter. The features of this new threshold possibly observed with cosmic photon beams of O(10 TeV), are reflected in the behavior of secondary photons from π⁰ decays in hadronic collisions of O(100 TeV) primary energy. We try to define the precise issues implied by these observations so that they can be scrutinized by future accelerator or no-accelerator experiments. (orig.)

No abstract available

[en] A method to determine the energy of high energy electron showers by using high sensitive X-ray films N type only was studied. The spatial distribution of electron showers recorded with the N type films exposed at Mt. Fuji was measured by a density measuring equipment. A slit of 50 μm square was used. The density on the record papers was measured as a function of distance from the axis center which is a point of maximum density. The observed density was proportional to the square root of the distance (r). Transition curves were obtained from the total density. The correction for background and the calibration of a relation between electron number and density were made for each film. The total areas of the transition curves were obtained. The obtained total areas were compared with the energy obtained by the old method. A linear relation between the area and the energy was seen. It was found that the method of energy determination at low energy was able to be extended indirectly to high energy region. (Kato, T.)

[en] γ-quanta from hadrons interactions in cosmic rays have been analyzed in the energy range of several tens of TeV. The experimental data have been obtained by means of an installation consisting of an ionization calorimeter and X-ray-emulsion chambers. Obtained are the dependences of the fraction of events, in which the number of γ-quanta nsub(γ) >= 1 at the energy Esub(γ) >= 1 TeV and at the total energy of γ-quanta ΣEsub(γ) for the events with nsub(γ) >= 3 depend on the energy of primary particle Esub(0). The value of Esub(0) has been estimated by the ΣEsub(γ) value

[en] The function dependence E = f(D) has been obtained in order to determine the energies of hadrons registered in emulsion chambers. The optical densities D, measured by a constant diaphragm method, can be used for the energy range 5-200 TeV. A new method of estimation of hadrons' high energies has been developed (the so-called isodensity method). It is useful in the range of energy 20-1000 TeV and higher. The energy spectrum of hadrons measured in emulsion chambers in the Pamir Experiment (600 g/cm²) has been obtained. The experimental spectra of hadron energies above the chamber and the energy released into electromagnetic component by a hadron interacting in the chamber medium are presented