No abstract available

[en] In the presented work, the specific features of the crystal lattice of the TISe type and the principle of producing semiconducting thallium chalcoindianates and alloys based on them with rareearth elements are described in detail. Correlations between the physical properties and the content of rare-earth elements in the compositions of the studied materials are given. The results of experimental studies on the radiation effects arising under the influence of gamma radiation are presented.

[en] Efficiency of a finned single-pass solar air collector was studied. This paper presents the experimental study to investigate the effect of solar radiation and mass flow rate on efficiency. The fins attached at the back of absorbing plate to improve the thermal efficiency of the system. The results show that the efficiency is increased proportional to solar radiation and mass flow rate. Efficiency of the collector archived steady state when reach to certain value or can be said the maximum performance

[en] The Carnot, Diesel, Otto, and Brayton power cycles are reconsidered endoreversibly in finite time thermodynamics (FTT). In particular, the thermal efficiency of these standard power cycles is compared to the well-known results in classical thermodynamics. The present analysis based on FTT modelling shows that a reduction in both the maximum and minimum temperatures of the cycle causes the thermal efficiency to increase. This is antithetical to the existing trend in the classical references. Under the assumption of endoreversibility, the relation between the efficiencies is also changed to ${\mathrm{\eta <!--\; ??\; -->}}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{t}}><!--\; >\; -->{\mathrm{\eta <!--\; ??\; -->}}_{\mathrm{B}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}}><!--\; >\; -->{\mathrm{\eta <!--\; ??\; -->}}_{\mathrm{D}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{l}}><!--\; >\; -->{\mathrm{\eta <!--\; ??\; -->}}_{\mathrm{O}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}}$, which is again very different from the corresponding classical results. The present results benefit a better understanding of the important role of irreversibility on heat engines in classical thermodynamics. (paper)

[en] Presented here is a review of two methods by which the thermal contact resistance occurring at the metal-to-metal interfaces that exist in heat exchanges can be reduced. The two methods discussed, inserting a thin metal foil into the interface or coating one of the surfaces with a thin metallic coating, have the potential to significantly reduce the thermal contact resistance and thereby improve the overall system thermal efficiency and performance

[en] Development and selection of membranes for membrane distillation (MD) could be accelerated if all performance-determining characteristics of the membrane could be obtained during MD operation without the need to recur to specialized or cumbersome porosity or thermal conductivity measurement techniques. By redefining the thermal efficiency, the Schofield method could be adapted to describe the flux without prior knowledge of membrane porosity, thickness, or thermal conductivity. A total of 17 commercially available membranes were analyzed in terms of flux and thermal efficiency to assess their suitability for application in MD. The thermal-efficiency based model described the flux with an average %RMSE of 4.5%, which was in the same range as the standard deviation on the measured flux. The redefinition of the thermal efficiency also enabled MD to be used as a novel thermal conductivity measurement device for thin porous hydrophobic films that cannot be measured with the conventional laser flash diffusivity technique.

[en] The SP-100 reactor subsystem design has been developed in more detail since last reported. Several key requirements have influenced the design substantially as the more detailed nuclear, thermal/hydraulic, and structural analyses have been completed for the various mission phases including accident safety performance characteristics. This paper summarizes the status of the design evolution as a result of these evaluations and provides a summary of selected performance characteristics for the design as it stood just prior to the System Design Review in May 1988

[en] The thermal efficiency of a nuclear power station may be determined by measurement, particularly simply, from an energy balance incorporating the whole power station. Thereby, only two energy flows of equal order of magnitude, i.a. the electrical output and the waste heat flow, and two energy flows which are smaller by several orders of magnitude, i.a. the energy flow of exhaust air and the rate of outside radiation, have to be measured. The practical application of this method in connection with an acception test is described. (orig.)

[en] An MHD power generation system is described in which energy from the MHD effluent is utilized to increase system efficiency. (U.K.)

[en] The results of numerical research on the determination of the temperature value of the internal surface of the heat-removing channel (HRC) walls of the light-absorbing heat-exchange panels (LAHPs) with the tubeon- sheet and thin-parallelepiped form of flat-plate solar water-heating collectors (FPSWHCs) are presented. The research method is based on compilation of the system of the balance equations for the light-absorbing plate (LAP) and HRCs of the LAHPs of the studied types and their designs with respect to the desired parameter. A practical example of calculation of the determination of the temperature value of the internal surface of the HRC wall of the tube-on-sheet LAHP, where the results of experimental research on the determination of the specific thermal efficiency of the mean-quality FPSWHC in full-scale terms, as well as laboratory and numerical research on determination of the optical and thermotechnical indicators of the copper tube-on-sheet LAHP.