[en] A simple, fast and sensitive method is outlined for determining fluoride in urine of workers who handle fluoride compounds. The determination is based on the measurement of fluoride by ion selective electrode. Cationic interferents like Ca⁺⁺, Mg⁺⁺, Fe⁺⁺⁺ and Al⁺⁺⁺ are complexed by EDTA and citric acid. Common anions present in urine, such as Cl^-, PO^---₄ and SO^--₄ do not interfere in the method. (Author)

[en] A simple efficient procedure for extracting and concentrating arginine-8-vasopressin (AVP) from urine has been coupled with a specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay in order to measure antidiuretic hormone (ADH) excretion in normal human under various physiological stimuli. Antisera have been raised in rabbits injected with lysine-vasopressin (LVP) or AVP coupled with bovine serum albumin. The antiserum selected for the assay which inhibits the antidiuresis induced in the rat by AVP is used at a final dilution of 1 : 50,000 and possesses a high association constant of 1x10¹¹ l.mol^-1. The limit of detection of the RIA system is 0.5 μUI/ml of urine (1.25 pg). Urinary ADH has been extracted from urine by Miller and Moses method. Mean recovery of added vasopressin averaged 90.2%+-11 (SD) and assay of serial dilutions of such extracts showed that they behave in the assay system in the same way as synthetic AVP standards. Moreover comparison of the results obtained by the RIA to those given by the biological method using the ethanol anesthetized rat showed excellent correlation (r=0.9p<0.001). Under ad libitum fluid and food intake, mean daily urinary excretion of AVP (uncorrected for recovery) determined in 22 subjects was found to be 30.58+-11.64mU/h with no significant difference between men and women. In response to an oral waterload ADH became undetectable at the peak of diuresis. Following a 16 hr fluid deprivation, ADH rose moderately. A significant correlation has been found between urine osmolality and AVP excretion rate

[en] An evaluation of Cs-137 elimination in urine is presented. (authors)

No abstract available

[en] The urinary excretion database built up at Sellafield since the early 1950s was made available for analysis as part of a research programme into plutonium biochemistry. A set of cases was selected for which the data were adequate to support analysis based on a standard pharmacokinetics approach. Cases include exposures from both inhalation and wound deposition, and from plutonium nitrate, oxalate and metal. Data sets extended from 12 years post-exposure up to 25+ year post-exposure. The pharmacokinetics approach was found to be valuable, calling into question certain aspects of ICRP methodology and highlighting areas where further research is required. In particular, it suggested that the distribution equilibrium phase, reached within 3 to 4 years post-exposure, was followed by a terminal equilibrium phase with a half-life of some 12 years. This long-term half-life, which was much shorter than those in ICRP models, persisted for over 20 years in some cases. (author)

[en] At AWE plc, workers potentially exposed to long-lived alpha emitters, such as plutonium, provide urine samples on a routine basis. Each sample is collected during working hours over a number of days. The activity concentrations in the samples are determined by radiochemical analysis. The creatinine in the samples and the ICRP reference daily excretion rate (1700 mg and 1000 mg for men and women respectively) are used to normalise the activity to a nominal twenty-four hour excretion for dose assessment purposes. This study examines the average and daily variation of creatinine excretion in healthy male and female adults. The advantages of taking samples over an extended period are assessed. There is a large variation in creatinine excretion between individuals and significant deviation from the ICRP recommended values. (author)

[en] A method for the determination of chromium in urine by atomic absorption spectrometry, using electrothermic atomization with pyrolytic graphite tubes, is proposed. The determinations are performed by standard addition. The method is applicable to biologic monitoring of populations with different degrees of exposition. It is also used in the analysis of chromium in sediments. Results of chromium in urine of a population group non-exposed to the metal are presented. 11 refs

[en] The application of the chemiluminescence system oxide acid-fluorescer-peroxy compound-carbodiimide to biochemical analysis in protic solvents is described. By measuring the integrated chemi-luminescence emission generated by the above reaction, very low concentrations of oxalate (down to 10 mmol l^-1) can be determined. Optimized reaction conditions and preanalytical factors permit direct and rapid measurements of urinary oxalate without calcium oxalate precipitation. The system also permits rapid quantitative analysis for urinary porphyrins down to about 200 μg l^-1. (author). 12 refs.; 2 figs

[en] Three cattle calves (Bos Taurus) and three buffalo calves (Bos bubalus) were weaned after receiving colostrum and reared by bottle-feeding of milk. During the first month the animal did not have access to solid food. Urinary purine derivative (PD), concentration, basal PD excretion and glomerular filtrate rate (GFR) were determined during fasting and feeding. After one month the animals were given access to solid feed (urea-treated rice straw 80% and molasses 20%) to stimulate rumen development. At three months of age, while the solid food was given, urinary PD, basal PD excretion and GFR were again determined. Urinary PD excretion both during fasting and milk feeding did not differ significantly between buffaloes to cattle during the period of milk feeding (P > 0.05), but there were highly significant differences between cattle and buffaloes after 3 months of age and two months of access to solid feed (P < 0.01). The GFR was lower in buffaloes than cattle on both milk fed and solid feed periods. It is suggested that the lower GFR found in buffaloes may be the reason for the differences as PD stay longer in the blood to give more time for recycling to the rumen when the rumen is developed and are then metabolized by bacteria. Whether permeability of PD from blood to rumen is an additional factor is not known. (author)

[en] The separation technique is modified to meet the optimum condition for urinalysis of uranium in routine work. The procedures are based on co-precipitation of uranium with alkaline earth phosphate followed by anion exchange separation. Purified uranium is reduced to IV prior to co-precipitation with neodymium as fluoride. The baseline concentration of uranium isotopes in un-exposure occupations are found to be 0.0021 - 0.0344, 0.0002 - 0.0043 and 0.0044 - 0.0478 p Ci/l for U-238, U-235 and U-234, respectively. The average baseline concentration in term of natural uranium is 0.031 ± 0.018 microgram per litre with the average ratio U-234/U-238 1.72