[en] The radiation detector comprises i) a leakproof container containing a pressurized fluid and detection device; ii) a window for radiation penetration; iii) a mounting device for tight fixation. In the invention the window is made with a preformed foil obtained by forces such as foil deformation is at least the same of a non-preformed foil undergoing the working pressure of the detector

[en] An error was found in an edge stress coefficient used to calculate stresses in thin windows. This error is present in “Roark’s Formulas for Stress and Strain” 7th and 8th Edition. The 6th Edition is correct. This guideline specially discusses a major difference in regards to a coefficient used in calculating the edge stress in “Roark’s Formulas for Stress and Strain” 6th Edition compared to the 7th and 8th Editions. In Chapter 10: Flat Plates under “Circular plates under distributed load producing large deflections,” Case 3, which is “Fixed and held. Uniform pressure q over entire plate.” The coefficient for a fixed edge condition in the 6th Edition1 K4 = 0.476 while in the 7th and 8th Edition2, the coefficient is 1.73 which is significant difference.

[en] High power laser systems with optical elements of diamond having a thermal conductivity of at least 10 W/cm. ⁰K at 300⁰K and an optical absorption at the laser beam wavelength of no more than 10 to 20 percent are described. (U.S.)

No abstract available

[en] An aerodynamic window for high power gaseous lasers having a plurality of blades mounted on the periphery of a circular disc outside the aperture in the laser cavity is described. The downwash of the blades as they move before said aperture provide a component directed into the cavity and away from the aperture to inhibit escape of the lasing medium. (auth)

[en] The invention has been aimed at increasing the lifetime of pressure ionization chambers and achieving optimum saturation properties without using first-rate elastomers. The chamber housing consists of aluminium or an aluminium alloy and the window of titanium foil. The aim could be achieved by the combined effect of pressure and temperature after removing oxide layers and by preventing the regeneration of such layers

[en] The Krsko modernization power uprate analyses have been performed in such a way as to cover plant operation in a range of average reactor coolant temperatures (Tavg) of 301.7 deg C to 307.4 deg C, with steam generator tube plugging levels of up to 5%. The upper bound is temporarily restricted to 305.7 deg C, as long as Zirc-4 fuel is present in the core. (It is, however,acceptable to operate at 307.4 deg C with a few Zirc-4 assemblies, if meeting certain conditionsand subjected to a corrosion and rod internal pressure evaluation in the frame of the cyclespecificnuclear core design.) The Tavg optimization method takes into account two effects, that are opposed to each other: the impact of steam pressure on the electrical power output versus the impact of Tavg on the cost of reactor fuel. The positive economical impact of a Tavg increase through the increase in MWe output is around 6 to 8 times higher than the corresponding negative impact on the fuel cost. From this perspective, it is desirable to have Tavg as high as possible. This statement is not affected by a change in the relationship between steam pressure and Tavg level. However, there are also other considerations intervening in the definition of the optimum. This paper discusses the procedure for selection of optimal Tavg for the forthcoming cycle in relation to the impacts of change in Tavg level and/or variations of the steam pressure versus Tavg relationship. (author)

No abstract available

[en] Monolithic Active Matrix with Binary Counters (MAMBO) is a counting ASIC designed for detecting and measuring low energy X-rays from 6-12 keV. Each pixel contains analogue functionality implemented with a charge preamplifier, CR-RC² shaper and a baseline restorer. It also contains a window comparator which can be trimmed by 4 bit DACs to remove systematic offsets. The hits are registered by a 12 bit ripple counter which is reconfigured as a shift register to serially output the data from the entire ASIC. Each pixel can be tested individually. Two diverse approaches have been used to prevent coupling between the detector and electronics in MAMBO III and MAMBO IV. MAMBO III is a 3D ASIC, the bottom ASIC consists of diodes which are connected to the top ASIC using μ-bump bonds. The detector is decoupled from the electronics by physically separating them on two tiers and using several metal layers as a shield. MAMBO IV is a monolithic structure which uses a nested well approach to isolate the detector from the electronics. The ASICs are being fabricated using the SOI 0.2 (micro)m OKI process, MAMBO III is 3D bonded at T-Micro and MAMBO IV nested well structure was developed in collaboration between OKI and Fermilab.

[en] The electron cyclotron resonance heating is considered as an external plasma heat source for fusion reactor systems. The window which separates the reactor vacuum from the electron tube vacuum, is heated up due to dielectric losses. The temperature gradients in the window cause thermal stresses and, especially in case of ceramic windows, the tensile stresses are the basis of lifetime evaluations in different candidate materials. This contribution presents the results of calculations of the temperature and the stress distribution in a gyrotron window. Due to the radial distribution of the electric power, temperature gradients develop in the radial direction which lead to tensile tangential stresses. Two candidate materials, Al₂O₃ and AlN have been considered. (H.W.). 6 refs.; 5 figs.; 3 tabs