Material synthesis and nuclear/muon probes

The possibility of the efficient characterization of the new materials is discussed in the light of new microscopic systems which are introduced by the nuclear or muon probe itself either by an addition process or by radiation effects inside the host materials. As distinguished examples of these systems, solitons produced by muon in trans-polyacetylene as well as chemical reactions of muonium with the ''spur'' electrons in alkali halides are presented. As a more direct application to material synthesis, discussion is given for the microscopic systems produced and probed by the radioactive nuclear probes. (author)