[en] The processes of proton--proton scattering for various spin directions was investigated in the beam momentum range of 1 to 12 GeV/c. A striking energy dependence was observed at p/sub lab/ = 1 to 4 GeV/c, especially in Δ sigma/sub L/, the total cross section difference in the longitudinal spin states. The rapid energy dependence has been interpreted as evidence for the formation of diproton resonances. Various pp scattering parameters were measured at 6 GeV/c, including 3-spin parameters, which are sufficient to determine pp elastic scattering amplitudes in a model independent way at 0.2 < absolute value of t < 0.8 (GeV/c)². Measurements of spin--spin correlation parameters were extended to higher t and higher energies, revealing the importance of the spin dependent interaction. These measurements may shed light on the nature of the constituents and their interactions. 24 references