[en] The beneficial utilization of waste, regardless of the form selected, is a type of interim retrievable storage. The waste is not eliminated from the environment; nor are any waste management problems solved. An inventory of all constituents utilized must be maintained, and all materials must eventually be returned to a responsible authority for final disposal. Ultimately, any decision concerning the large-scale utilization of wastes or waste constituents should be based on a detailed risk-cost-benefit analysis that considers the risk of radiation exposure to man. This is in contrast to the economic value of the particular beneficial use, as well as any additional costs to fuel reprocessing and waste management. Such a balanced study has not been made