[en] Two classes of experimental probes of specific atomic environments: hyperfine interactions and extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) are discussed. These techniques are capable of yielding information on the near neighbor atomic environments of specific probe atoms. The information is of two types: static structural information about the numbers, kinds, and locations of nearest neighbor atoms and dynamic information regarding the motion of atoms, which may include localized atomic vibrations or atomic jumps due to diffusion or dislocation motion. The hyperfine technique emphasized is the nuclear magnetic resonance technique which has been highly developed to determine the structure and diffusion properties of ¹H, ²D, and ³He in materials