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AbstractAbstract
[en] The safe disposal of spent nuclear fuel or reprocessed waste is an essential element in the expansion of the nuclear power industry. Stable rock formations e.g. granite are considered to be potential sites for disposal. A major factor in evaluating the degree of safety of the disposal is the sorption of radionuclides in rock, which affects their retardation. The report considers the chemical forms of the hazardous radionuclides of spent nuclear fuel in groundwater and the effects of the water's properties on them. In the groundwater near the Olkiluoto power plant site cesium, strontium and radium are in cationic form, iodine as I-. Technetium would occur as TcO+2, but the pertechnetate form is also possible. Uranium most probably would be as U(VI) plutonium and neptunium as Np(IV) or Np(V). The valences for thorium, americium and curium are not changed in this groundwater and would be +4, +3 and +3, respectively. The actinides in groundwater are all in hydrated or complex form. An increase on the ionic stregth of the groundwater in most instances causes a decrease in the sorption of nuclides since the ion exchange capacity of the rock is limited. Anionic ligands also decrease sorption of cations by complex formation. In some case, on the other hand, high salt concentrations may cause formation of radiocolloids of lanthanides and neptunium and thus increase sorption. In all cases the degree of sorption described by the distribution ratio Ksub(d) was influenced by the pH of the groundwater. Sorption of cesium and strontium increased with growing pH. The sorption behaviour of actinides was in positive correlation with formation of hydroxide complexes at different pH values. The Ksub(d) values of Cs, Sr, Co, Ni and Am for Olkiluoto granites were found to agree with Swedish values, also determined at ambient atmospheric conditions
Original Title
Kaeytetyssae polttoaineessa olevien nuklidien sorptio kiteisessae kallioperaessae
Primary Subject
Source
Oct 1982; 61 p
Record Type
Report
Report Number
Country of publication
ALKALI METALS, ALKALINE EARTH METALS, ELEMENTS, ENERGY SOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT, FUELS, HALOGENS, HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS, IGNEOUS ROCKS, MANAGEMENT, MASS TRANSFER, MATERIALS, METALS, NONMETALS, NUCLEAR FUELS, OXYGEN COMPOUNDS, REACTOR MATERIALS, ROCKS, TRANSITION ELEMENTS, WASTE DISPOSAL, WASTE MANAGEMENT, WATER
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