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AbstractAbstract
[en] This laboratory investigation studied the retention of 6 radionuclides (cesium 137, chrome 51, cobalt 60, manganese 54, sodium 22 and zinc 65) on three types of clay particles (kaolinite, illite, montmorillonite) and on sediments, suspended in media with salinities ranging between 0 and 34 per mill, with or without organic matters. Measurement of the radioactivity retained by the particles after 5 days' contact with the radionuclide made it possible to calculate the percentages retained and the distribution coefficients, and to follow their evolution versus salinity. Parallel experiments studied the behaviours of the 6 radionuclides as a function of experimental factors (wall effect, contact time..). An exhaustive bibliographic review gives the state-of-the-art of the knowledge. The following conclusions were derived: - the retention of all the radionuclides but chromium 51 decreased as soon as a low salinity appeared. Chromium (available as Cr3+) precipitated quickly and strongly during fixation whatever the surfaces or the conditions: - as for the role of the clay type, illite showed a strong affinity for cesium 137; manganese 54 had a particular behaviour with montmorillonite that enhanced its precipitation into MnO2; with cobalt, sodium and zinc, the percentages retained were always <= 20% and the type of clay had little effect; - dissolved organic matters had little effect on the behaviour of cesium or chromium; for sodium and zinc, strong complexation occured with the organic matter which was retained on the particles; cobalt and manganese gave intermediate results; - attempts to modeling emphasized the specific feature of the various reactions (adsorption by exchange with some compensating cations, absorption in the crystal lattice, surface retention of particular compounds)
[fr]
Cette etude de laboratoire concerne la fixation de 6 radionucleides (cesium-137, chrome-51, cobalt-60, manganese-54, sodium-22 et zinc-65) sur 3 types de particules argileuses (kaolinite, illite, montmorillonite) et sur des sediments, en suspension dans des milieux de salinite comprise entre 0 pour mille et 34 pour mille et contenant ou non des matieres organiques. La mesure de l'activite retenue par les particules au bout de 5 jours de contact avec les radionucleides permet de calculer les pourcentages fixes et les coefficients de distribution et de suivre leur evolution en fonction de la salinite. Des experimentations paralleles etudient le comportement des 6 radioelements vis-a-vis des facteurs experimentaux; une etude bibliographique permet de faire le point des connaissances. L'analyse des resultats conduit aux conclusions suivantes: - tous les radionucleides, sauf le chrome-51, subissent une diminution de la fixation des l'apparition d'une faible salinite. Le chrome (sous forme de Cr3+) precipite rapidement et intensement en se fixant sur toutes les surfaces et dans toutes les conditions; - en ce qui concerne l'influence du type d'argile, l'illite a une affinite tres marquee pour le cesium-137; le manganese-54 un comportement particulier avec la montmorillonite qui favorise sa precipitation en MnO2; pour le cobalt, le sodium et le zinc, les % fixes restent toujours <= 20%, et l'influence du type d'argile est minime; - les matieres organiques dissoutes ont tres peu d'influence sur le comportement du cesium ou du chrome; pour le sodium et le zinc, il intervient une forte complexation avec la matiere organique qui se fixe sur les particules; le cobalt et le manganese donnent des resultats intermediaires; - des tentatives de modelisation soulignent le caractere specifique des differentes reactions (adsorption par echange avec certains cations compensateurs, absorption dans le reseau cristallin, fixation en surface de composes particuliers)Original Title
Comportement du cesium-137, chrome-51, cobalt-60, manganese-54, sodium-22, zinc-65, en milieux d'embouchures simules: influence des particules minerales en suspension et des matieres organiques dissoutes
Primary Subject
Source
Sep 1985; 190 p; These (3e Cycle).
Record Type
Report
Literature Type
Thesis/Dissertation; Numerical Data
Report Number
Country of publication
BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES, BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES, BETA-PLUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES, CESIUM ISOTOPES, CHEMICAL REACTIONS, CHROMIUM ISOTOPES, CLAYS, COBALT ISOTOPES, DATA, DAYS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES, DISPERSIONS, ECOLOGICAL CONCENTRATION, ECOSYSTEMS, ELECTRON CAPTURE RADIOISOTOPES, EVEN-ODD NUCLEI, INFORMATION, INORGANIC ION EXCHANGERS, INTERMEDIATE MASS NUCLEI, ION EXCHANGE MATERIALS, ISOMERIC TRANSITION ISOTOPES, ISOTOPES, LIGHT NUCLEI, MANGANESE ISOTOPES, MATERIALS, MINERALS, MINUTES LIVING RADIOISOTOPES, NUCLEI, NUMERICAL DATA, ODD-EVEN NUCLEI, ODD-ODD NUCLEI, ORGANIC ACIDS, OXIDE MINERALS, RADIOISOTOPES, SEPARATION PROCESSES, SILICATE MINERALS, SODIUM ISOTOPES, YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES, ZINC ISOTOPES
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