[en] The main stage are presented of development of radiation clinical neurology, paying attention to the contribution of Soviet clinicals in connection with assessment of possible responses at the Chernobyl accident. Neurological disorders in ARS of various degrees of severity at different periods of diseases as well as during irradiation at doses, not causing ARS development were described. The importance of clinicophysiological investigations for assessment of CNS function during the development of disease and its aftereffects was shown. The role of psychological investigations on mental abilities of persons, exposed to acute ionizing radiation was emphasized