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AbstractAbstract
[en] Present and potential future changes to the global environment have important implications for marine pollution and for the air-sea exchange of both anthropogenic and natural substances. This report addresses three issues related to the potential impact of global change on the air-sea exchange of chemicals: Global change and the air-sea transfer of the nutrients nitrogen and iron. Global change and the air-sea exchange of gases. Oceanic responses to radiative and oxidative changes in the atmosphere. The deposition of atmospheric anthropogenic nitrogen has probably increased biological productivity in coastal regions along many continental margins. Atmospheric deposition of new nitrogen may also have increased productivity somewhat in mid-ocean regions. The projected future increases of nitrogen oxide emissions from Asia, Africa and South America will provide significant increases in the rate of deposition of oxidized nitrogen to the central North Pacific, the equatorial Atlantic, and the equatorial and central South Indian Oceans. Atmospheric iron may be an important nutrient in certain open regions. Future changes will likely occur if there are changing patterns of aridity and wind speed as a result of climate change. The most important future effects on surface ocean pCO2 will likely be caused by changes in ocean circulation. The pH of the ocean would decrease by ∼0.3 units for a doubling of pCO2, reducing the capacity of the ocean to take up CO2. There is increasing evidence that dimethyl sulfide from the ocean is a source of cloud condensation nuclei and thus a factor controlling cloud albedo. By 2060 in the southern hemisphere reduction in total column stratospheric ozone from recent levels could reach 2 to 5% in the tropics, 10% at mid latitudes, and over 20% at 60 deg C. S. In this same time frame increases in ground-level effective UV-B radiation could reach 5%, 26% and 66%, at low, mid, and high latitudes in the southern hemisphere. Changes in photochemical processes in the surface waters of the ocean could have significant effects on the air-sea exchange of a number of compounds in the carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and halogen cycles
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Source
1991; 71 p
Record Type
Report
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CARBON COMPOUNDS, CARBON OXIDES, CHALCOGENIDES, CHEMICAL REACTIONS, CHEMISTRY, ECOSYSTEMS, ELEMENTS, HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS, METALS, NITROGEN COMPOUNDS, ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, ORGANIC SULFUR COMPOUNDS, OXIDES, OXYGEN COMPOUNDS, POLLUTION, SULFIDES, SULFUR COMPOUNDS, SURFACE WATERS, TRANSITION ELEMENTS, WATER
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