[en] The history of national radiology with emphasis on the crisis of radiobiology, observed in the recent years is briefly considered. Attention is paid the three different viewpoints in the area of low-dose ionizing radiation: one advocates its high hazard, another one, proceeding from the linear threshold-free concept, rejects any specific features of such radiation and still another one admits hormesis. The way out of the crisis situation in radiobiology is seen in expansion of biological studies on low-dose effects