[en] This thesis contains six chapters divided into three parts. After a brief presentation of the TTF project, the first part describes the theoretical basis of the thesis. We have applied the virtual photon method to the subject of transition radiation and compared our results with those obtained by L. Wartski. The description of the beam-emittance measurement method and the definition of the main optical functions set out in the following chapters constitutes the second part. We have analyzed the three gradient technique that allows one, thanks to a statistical approach, to determine the emittance and the associated error. As regards to optics, we have introduced and measured the main functions that gives the resolution of the measurement of the beam, optimized the optical line for the bunch-length measurement and calculated contributions to the optical resolution. The last chapter contains the results and the analysis of the transverse emittance and bunch length measurements. The results obtained in the energy range 8 - 12 MeV are shown. We present also the results for the emittance measurements performed by taking slices of 8μs within the 30μs macro-pulse. The second part is devoted to an analysis of the beam profiles taken in 1μs slices. These observation allows us to create a 'moving film' and to highlight the importance of certain parameters on the dynamical behaviour of the beam. In the last part we present the bunch length measurements performed by means of Cherenkov radiation coupled to a streak camera. We show the longitudinal profiles for different settings of the TTF injector. These measurements, combined with measurements of the energy spread, provide us with the value of 6 D emittance. (author)