[en] The work of L.M.R.I. according to the research agreement contract is constituted of three parts which all contributed to the same objective: the better understanding of the phenomenon of production and disappearing of free radicals in the alanine dosimeter. The first part is the contribution to the accuracy of the measurements parameters and their optimisation. Many parameters such as the power level and the modulation amplitude must be chosen carefully. This part describes how we have defined the limits of the parameter values giving the best arrangement between the four objectives: the better signal-to-noise ratio with the highest amplitude of the central line, and the better reproducibility with a resolution as good as possible. The second part is our contribution to increase the understanding on how external parameters influence the chemical reactions in alanine. Two experimental studies of combined effects have been realised in the laboratory. A multi-parametric approach (experimental design) has shown the complexity of the problem. The chosen methodology permits to give the first global quantitative view of the fading. However the obtained results, that suggested a physico-chemical recombination reaction of the free radicals created during the irradiation, are not sufficient. The last part is a study of the kinetic aspect of the mechanism. The aim of this study is to indicate the number of transient species leading to this radical and their kinetics of reaction. We follow the evolution of the ESR/alanine spectrum shape and correlate the response estimated from the central peak height to the absorbed dose. From these hypothesis we modelize the kinetics of free radical densities and check their fitting with experiment. (author)