[en] Complete text of publication follows. Recently (1-3) long-lived isomeric states have been found in the super- and hyper-deformed wells of the potential. These isomers manifested themselves by abnormal particle decays. An isomeric state in the superdeformed well of the potential in the parent nucleus can decay by very enhanced α-particle groups to superdeformed states in the daughter (1) or by very retarded α-particles (3) and also by protons (2) to normal states in the daughters. Similarly an isomeric state in the hyper-deformed well may decay by very retarded α-particle groups to superdeformed states (3), or by very enhanced α-groups to hyper-deformed states in the daughter nucleus (4). All these very unusual decay modes have been observed experimentally (1-4). For instance, a very high energy α-group of 8.6 MeV with 40d ≤ t_1/2 ≤ 2y (retardation factor of ∼10¹³) has been observed in ¹⁹⁵Hg and interpreted as a III^min → II^min α-transition (3). Likewise, relatively low-energy and very enhanced α-particle groups (enhancement factors of 10⁵ to 10⁷) have been seen in several actinide sources and interpreted as due to II^min → II^min and III^min → III^min transitions (4). These unusual decay modes introduce new considerations in the study of heavy and superheavy elements. For instance, if low-energy α-particle groups around 4.4 - 4.6 MeV have been seen in nature (5), they may be interpreted as due to very enhanced III^min → III^min transitions in the superheavy element region around Z = 108 (eka-Os) with t_1/2∼10⁸y rather than ∼10¹⁵y as expected for normal α-transitions of such energies in this region, or due to very retarded III^min → II^min or II^min → I^min decays in nuclei around Os itself. In both cases, if such activities have been seen in nature, they indicate that the existence of the II^min and III^min isomeric states may be important in the nucleosynthesis process. It should be mentioned that long-lived high-spin superdeformed isomers have already been predicted back in 1969 in the actinide region around N = 144 (6). (author)