[en] The subject of this thesis is an experimental study of the pseudo-scalar mesons photoproduction on the proton in an energy range from √S=1450 MeV to 2100 MeV. It has been realized with the 4π CLAS detector of Th. Jefferson Laboratory. A software has been developed in order to perform the time calibration of the tagging system, and allowed us to measure a time resolution of 150 ps (FWHM). Gla Data have been analyzed. We determine CLAS energy resolution and show that these values are compatible with those given in the detector conceptual design report. Information from the analysis of the neutral mesons photoproduction channels and from the study of the p(γ, pπ⁺π^-) reaction has been used to develop correction methods, applied to raw data, in order to extract the differential cross-sections for the reactions p(γ, p)π⁰. New data points are shown and compared to the VPI multipole analysis. A preliminary study of the p(γ, p)η is stated in order to establish the method limits. An anomaly has been found in the data at a total center of mass energy of √s = 1790 MeV and is discussed. (author)