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AbstractAbstract
[en] Sulfur chemistry has been implemented into the regional weather forecast model HIRLAM in order to simulate sulfur fields during specific weather situations. The model calculates concentrations of sulfur dioxide in air (SO2(a)), sulfate in air (SO4(a)), sulfate in cloud water (SO4(aq)) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Modeled concentrations of SO2(a), SO4(a) and SO4(aq) in rain water are compared with observations for two weather situations, one winter case with an extensive stratiform cloud cover and one summer case with mostly convective clouds. A comparison of the weather forecast parameters precipitation, relative humidity, geopotential and temperature with observations is also performed. The results show that the model generally overpredicts the SO2(a) concentration and underpredicts the SO4(a) concentration. The agreement between modeled and observed SO4(aq) in rain water is poor. Calculated turnover times are approximately 1 day for SO2(a) and 2-2.5 days for SO4(a). For SO2(a) this is in accordance with earlier simulated global turnover times, but for SO4(a) it is substantially lower. Several sensitivity simulations show that the fractional mean bias and root mean square error decreases, mainly for SO4(a) and SO4(aq), if an additional oxidant for converting SO2(a) to SO4(a) is included in the model. All weather forecast parameters, except precipitation, agree better with observations than the sulfur variables do. Wet scavenging is responsible for about half of the deposited sulfur and in addition, a major part of the sulfate production occurs through in-cloud oxidation. Hence, the distribution of clouds and precipitation must be better simulated by the weather forecast model in order to improve the agreement between observed and simulated sulfur concentrations
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Feb 2000; 44 p; ISSN 0280-445X;
; Available from OSTI; Available to ETDE participating countries only(see www.etde.org); commercial reproduction prohibited; OSTI as DE20086741; PURL: https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/20086741-oWDVhG/webviewable/; 53 refs, 15 figs, 6 tabs

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