[en] Contamination of the environment by Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (TENORM) is a well-known side outcome of gas and oil extraction. Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) means material containing the radionuclides of nature origin, i.e., K 40, U 238, Th 232 and their decay products. Technologically Enhanced means, that the physical, chemical, radiological properties, and concentrations of natural radionuclides in NORM have been altered such that there exists a potential for:Redistribution and contamination of environmental media (soil, water, and air); Increased environmental mobility in soils and groundwater; Incorporation of elevated levels of radioactivity in products and construction materials; Improper disposal or use of disposal methods that could result in unnecessary and relatively high exposures to individuals and populations via any environmental pathway and medium. NORM and TENORM are the major sources of human exposure in the World. Their contributions to the worldwide human exposure as evaluated by UNSCEAR. The radiological consequences of occupational and public exposures with TENORM are not clearly monitored and examined. The principal reason of such situation is that for a long time neither ecological organizations nor Regulatory Authorities did not consider the handling of material containing natural radionuclides (other than radon and thoron) as object for regulation of radiation safety. For instance, till now Green peace have not demonstrated any opinion about this problem. TENORM released in oil and gas extraction is a major source of environmental contamination of the Caspian Sea and soils, surface and ground waters in Azerbaijan. The origin of TENORM in oil fields of Apsheron peninsula is related to drilling, production, and processing operations. Other sources of contamination are oil well equipment where separation of contaminated water from oil takes place. Contamination of the environment leads to elevation of natural radiation background on the contaminated territory. Natural radioactive background (exposure rate) varies in different locations of peninsula from 6 to 20 ?R/h in dependence of soil composition and geological formation. At some oil fields in Southwestern area of Apsheron peninsula and around iodine plants, the level of technologically enhanced natural radiation background varies from 0.6 to 5 micro R/h due to contamination of the soil by TENORM. Due to inventory of 1990, there were 157 areas with a total square of more then 60 km² contaminated by natural radionuclides because of uncontrolled release of underground (tabular ore pore) water into the environment. Now there are 127 local TENORM anomalies with exposure rate more than 0.12 micro R/h and 104 local sites with exposure rate in range of 0.06-0.12 micro R/h. Among these anomalies, there are 13 hot sites (the largest with area of 4.75 km²) that include hot spots with exposure rate about 3 micro R/h. Contamination of the environment with TENORM due to gas and oil extraction is worldwide problem. The uniqueness of a situation with TENORM on Apsheron peninsula is that contaminated territory is the densely populated urban territory. In many cases the operating oil wells are in the yards of the private manors, contaminated territories are not delimited and public exposures are not controlled. Huge volume of scrap metal contaminated by radium and other uranium and thorium decay products is producing during the oil and gas extraction and transportation. This scrap metal in some cases became a source of public exposure. For instance, the contaminated tubes from oil fields belonged to Apsheron peninsula for a long time were utilized by surrounding public for construction of the private houses. This situation was not under the control and the volume of used scrap metal till now is unknown. Now uncontrolled utilization is stopped and a specialized facility for utilization of scrap metal was built in Baku city. The Azerbaijan Authority as well as the Authorities of all Caucasian countries needs in special guidance from the IAEA on protection of the public in situation of man-caused prolonged exposure to natural radionuclides. Baku city, its suburbs and whole Apsheron peninsula are a good test site for implementation of the IAEA activity in TENORM Regulation reflected in drafting Safety Report on Radiation and Waste Safety in the Oil and Gas Industry. These territories are a good test site for practical implementation of the recommendations of the ICRP Publication 82, relates to rehabilitation of contaminated territories. Problems related to radiological consequences of gas and oil extraction may be solved in particular International project that should include: Evaluation of occupational and public exposure to TENORM; Establishing the national Programs on protection of the workers and the public against the risks arising from exposure to TENORM on workplaces and at home; Establishing the national Programs on rehabilitation of contaminated territories. The Caucasian countries needs a special advice and technical assistance from the IAEA in preparation the radiation safety regulations for protection of the public against the exposure of natural radionuclides released due to gas and oil extraction. The countries needs in special Sanitary Rules and Standards on rehabilitation of contaminated territories and on protection of the workers and the public against the risks arising from exposure to TENORM on workplaces and at home. The special Sanitary Rules and Standards should be made for providing the radiation protection and safety in reprocessing the contaminated scrap metal. The list of required normative documents for establishing radiation safety regulations in area of protection of the public from the dangers arising from contamination of the environment by TENORM is presented