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Kramer, S.J.; Kotzer, T.G.; Chant, L.A.
Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Chalk River, Ontario (Canada)2001
Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Chalk River, Ontario (Canada)2001
AbstractAbstract
[en] In Canada, very little data is available regarding the concentrations and chemical speciation of iodine in the environment proximal and distal to CANDU Nuclear Power Generating Stations (NPGS). In the immediate vicinity of CANDU reactors, the short-lived iodine isotope 131I (t1/2 = 8.04 d), which is produced from fission reactions, is generally below detection and yields little information about the environmental cycling of iodine. Conversely, the fission product 129I has a long half-life (t1/2 = 1.57x107 y) and has had other anthropogenic inputs (weapons testing, nuclear fuel reprocessing) other than CANDU over the past 50 years. As a result, the concentrations of stable iodine (127I) have been used as a proxy. In this study, a sampling system was developed and tested at AECL's Chalk River Laboratories (CRL) to collect and measure the particulate and gaseous inorganic and organic fractions of stable iodine (127I) in air and associated organic and inorganic reservoirs. Air, vegetation and soil samples were collected at CRL, and at Canadian CANDU Nuclear Power Generating Stations (NPGS) at OPG's (Ontario Power Generation) Pickering (PNGS) and Darlington NPGS (DNGS) in Ontario, as well as at NB Power's Pt. Lepreau NPGS in New Brunswick. The concentrations of particulate and inorganic iodine in air at CRL were extremely low, and were often found to be below detection. The concentrations are believed to be at this level because the sediments in the CRL area are glacial fluvial and devoid of marine ionic species, and the local atmospheric conditions at the sampling site are very humid. Concentrations of a gaseous organic species were comparable to worldwide levels. The concentrations of particulate and inorganic iodine in air were also found to be low at PNGS and DNGS, which may be attributed to reservoir effects of the large freshwater lakes in southern Ontario, which might serve to dilute the atmospheric iodine concentrations. The concentrations of particulate, inorganic and organic iodine in air at Pt. Lepreau NPGS, which is a Canadian oceanic site, were high as expected. Stable iodine concentrations were measured in a variety of vegetation (1 - 267 ng/g wet weight) as well as in soil (1871 - 16008 ng/g) and milk (221 - 293 ng/g wet weight). From this data, transfer factors for air-soil-vegetation-milk have been calculated at the Canadian CANDU sampling sites. (author)
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Source
Jun 2001; 29 p; 42 refs., 8 tabs., 11 figs.
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Report
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ATOMIC ENERGY OF CANADA LTD, CANADIAN ORGANIZATIONS, CANDU TYPE REACTORS, HEAVY WATER COOLED REACTORS, HEAVY WATER MODERATED REACTORS, INTERMEDIATE MASS NUCLEI, IODINE ISOTOPES, ISOTOPES, NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, NATURAL URANIUM REACTORS, NUCLEI, ODD-EVEN NUCLEI, ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS, PARTICLES, PHWR TYPE REACTORS, POWER REACTORS, PRESSURE TUBE REACTORS, REACTOR SITES, REACTORS, STABLE ISOTOPES, THERMAL REACTORS, WASTES
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