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AbstractAbstract
[en] Full text: The information superhighway, popularly known as the Internet, has become a pervasive influence in the health sciences as it democratically provides not just the most comprehensive genome, transcriptome and proteome information of organisms, including that of the human body, but also a collection of software that could analyze these genomic data for specific applications. Immune responses are generally based on the immunogenic proteins displayed on a pathogen and the process of deriving these immunogenic regions is vital for developing synthetic peptide vaccines. From the perspective of vaccinologists of the 20th century, immunogen mapping by fragmenting protein isolates and/or by random cloning of overlapping peptide fragments followed by monitoring immune response in a model animal are both cost- and labor-intensive. Such a BENCH-TOP experimental approach can only be successfully performed in laboratories running on massive funding. In the 21st century, vaccinologists can now tap publicly-accessed genomic databases and powerful computational tools to identify immunogenic regions and to design synthetic vaccines against any animal pathogen of known genomic data. Prediction of immunogenic regions can be divided into the identification of B- and/or T-cell epitopes. These regions have been defined using various algorithms, including the identification of charge and residue palindromes, MHC-binding motif density, proteosomal cleavage sites, among others. Identified epitopes were then strung by (less steric) glycine-bridges and their combination and permutations for multi-valency were analyzed. The final vaccine has to be both promiscuous as an immunogen at the same time stable structurally for optimal epitope mimicry. Interest in synthetic immunogenic peptides is increasingly growing due advantages over conventional vaccines, as these peptide vaccines are safer, they can be designed to induce defined immune responses and they can be synthesized in large quantities in high purity and they do not require a cold-chain. Furthermore, we have also developed an expert system, SYVAX ver.1.0, for hastening the simulating the combinatorial process of identified epitopes using secondary structural retention as screen. It is anticipated that this expert system for synthetic vaccine design will be a useful bioinformatic tool that could be very useful especially for animal scientists and veterinarians in developing countries who wish to construct vaccines via a DESK-TOP approach. (author)
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International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria); Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome (Italy); 183 p; 2003; p. 149; FAO/IAEA international symposium on applications of gene-based technologies for improving animal production and health in developing countries; Vienna (Austria); 6-10 Oct 2003; IAEA-CN--110/23P
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