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[en] Since 1949 the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (NTS) was extensively used by the former Soviet government as a testing range for atomic weapons. Atmospheric and underground tests were finally stopped in 1962 and 1989, respectively. The Ministry of the Russian Federation of Atomic Energy officially counts a total of 456 tests, including 116 atmospheric tests. The total yield of the nuclear explosions carried out was 6.3 Megatons equivalent with 6.7 PetaBq of 137Cs and 3.7 PetaBq of 90Sr being released into the athmosphere. Some of the athmospheric radioactive tests shielded plumes, which extended far beyond the outer borders of the NTS. Already the first Soviet atomic bomb test on August 29, 1949 due to unfavourable meteorological conditions affected the villages of Dolon and Moistik. Since 1995 joint investigations performed by the Research Centre Julich in cooperation with the Kazakh National Nuclear Centre in the region of the former nuclear test site near Semipalatinsk besides environmental measurents also involve the assessment of the current dose of the population at and around the test site in addition to the important retrospective determination of the dose of persons affected by the atmospheric tests
Source
D'Alberti, F.; Osimani, C. (eds.); Associazione Italiana di Radioprotezione, (Italy); International Radiation Protection Association, (United States); [1 CD-ROM]; ISBN 88-88648-09-7; 
; 2002; [10 p.]; European IRPA Congress 2002; Florence (Italy); 8-11 Oct 2002; Also available from http://www.airp-asso.it/docs/cd_airp_irpa/irpa2002.pdf
; 2002; [10 p.]; European IRPA Congress 2002; Florence (Italy); 8-11 Oct 2002; Also available from http://www.airp-asso.it/docs/cd_airp_irpa/irpa2002.pdf