[en] This report, presented to the Ministry of the Economy, the Finances and the Industry, has been realized by the high ranking of the sustainable development of the Ministry. It presents the synthesis of the working group study at the second half year 2005 and proposes to the Ministry some practical actions to develop the hydroelectric production in France. After a presentation of the hydro electric-power challenges and potential, the author discusses the regulatory context of the hydroelectric power development, the conditions of this development and proposes some actions. (A.L.B.)