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AbstractAbstract
[en] The main problem in fusion reactor technology is fast and complete tritium removal from the tritium breeder and the neutron multiplier - ceramic and Be pebbles. Under the operating conditions, these materials will be at a high temperature (up to 1120 K), under action of intense radiation (up to 1019 n/(m2·s) and magnetic field (MF up to 7-10 T). Up to now, tritium release of these materials was studied only under action of temperature and the neutron radiation of a fission reactor. It is difficult to introduce action of MF in experiments of this kind. A special rig for irradiation of samples at a high temperature up to 1120 K with fast electrons of 5 MeV and dose rate 14 MGy/h in MF up to 1.7 T was used for this study. The activity of the tritium released into a gas phase (molecular tritium T2, HT, HTO) was measured with a gas flow detector. The activity of the tritium remained in the material (the forms of positively charged tritium T+, T2, atomic tritium To and negatively charged tritium T-) was determined by means of both a gas flow detector and a liquid scintillation method after dissolution of the material in acid with scavengers added. A delay of the tritium release in MF of 2.4 T at thermo annealing of the lithium orthosilicate Li4SiO4 pebbles (FZK) irradiated in the EXOTIC-8/8 experiment was observed. Chemical forms of the tritium localised in the pebbles and the tritium distribution were determined (up to 75% - in T+). The delaying effect of MF on the tritium release could be related to lengthening of the diffusion path of T+ in the volume of ceramic grains as a result of the Larmor effect. The beryllium pebbles irradiated in the BERYLLIUM experiment were annealed at 1120 K under the simultaneous action of the radiation and the MF of 1.7 T. The main form of the tritium localised in the Be pebbles is T2 (85%-95%). A stimulating role of MF on the tritium release at the annealing under the radiation was observed (up to 80%). This effect may be related to radiolysis of the localised T2 and the MF-induced spin transformation (singlet-triplet transformation) in the pair of radicals To · To, which increases the concentration of To, which is a better diffusing particle in the grain volume of Be metal. (author)
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Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw (Poland). Funding organisation: AREVA, rue Le Peletier 27-29, Paris Cedex 09 (France); 515 p; 2006; p. 334; 24. Symposium on Fusion Technology - SOFT 2006; Warsaw (Poland); 11-15 Sep 2006; Also available from http://www.soft2006.materials.pl. Will be published also by Elsevier in ''Fusion and Engineering Design'' (full text papers)
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ALKALI METAL COMPOUNDS, ALKALINE EARTH METALS, BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES, BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES, ELEMENTS, FLUID FLOW, HYDROGEN ISOTOPES, ISOTOPES, LIGHT NUCLEI, LITHIUM COMPOUNDS, MATERIALS, MEASURING INSTRUMENTS, METALS, NUCLEI, ODD-EVEN NUCLEI, OXYGEN COMPOUNDS, RADIATION DETECTORS, RADIOISOTOPES, REACTOR COMPONENTS, SCINTILLATION COUNTERS, SULFATES, SULFUR COMPOUNDS, YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES
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