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AbstractAbstract
[en] Hydrogen is considered to be the fuel of the future. The simplest way to produce hydrogen is by water decomposition. The usual, non-electrical method of producing this reaction is either by direct thermal water splitting or by making use of some catalytic process in a batch or flow reactor. The aim of the present work, which is part of the DEMO studies, is to investigate two further, little used methods for hydrogen production. I. Radiation Chemical Process Both fission and fusion reactors produce radioactive material, the radiation energy of which is wasted. By examining the water decomposition yields observed under different conditions we conclude that the radiolysis of high temperature water vapour in contact with oxide catalysts can produce sizable amounts of hydrogen. II. Plasma Chemical Process One of the most serious problems with thermal water decomposition lies with the high reaction temperature which, apart from other associated problems, demands highly corrosion resistant materials. Plasma chemical splitting removes this obstacle, but a mixture of O2 and H2 is formed and the separation of these products is quite difficult. Having investigated a number of high temperature processes where product separation might be easier, we conclude that the thermodynamic conditions of the reaction N2 + H2O = N2O + H2 appear attractive, additionally, N2O is easy to separate from H2. More detailed thermodynamic studies and relating kinetic investigations of this and analogous processes must follow in order to assess the practical use of plasma chemical methods. Energy carriers other than hydrogen, e.g. methane, methanol, formic acid, will also be considered, as these can also be synthesised in chemical plasmas by making use of fusion energy. The paper will report the results of the studies on both these processes for the production of hydrogen from fusion energy. (author)
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Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw (Poland). Funding organisation: AREVA, rue Le Peletier 27-29, Paris Cedex 09 (France); 515 p; 2006; p. 425; 24. Symposium on Fusion Technology - SOFT 2006; Warsaw (Poland); 11-15 Sep 2006; Also available from http://www.soft2006.materials.pl. Will be published also by Elsevier in ''Fusion and Engineering Design'' (full text papers)
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