[en] The Standard Model of particle physics describes neutron decay with three parameters. In contrast to that, a multitude of observables are accessible experimentally. With precision measurements sensitive tests of the Standard Model are thus possible. The neutron decay spectrometer PERKEO III was designed and built as part of this work. It will replace its predecessor PERKEO II, which has reached its systematical and statistical limits. With the new instrument measurements with continuous and pulsed neutron beams become feasible. This either provides an increase in statistics of up to two orders of magnitude, or eliminates the two major instrument specific sources of systematical corrections. In our first measurement in winter 2006/2007, the available event rate will be used to determine weak magnetism from the electron asymmetry A. Previously, this value was not statistically accessible in neutron decay. Systematics are analyzed with the help of our measurement with PERKEO II. For this measurement PERKEO III will be installed at the neutron guide H113 at the Institute Laue-Langevin, Grenoble. The neutron beam from this guide is characterized and a model is given, which allows the rapid calculation of beam profiles and absolute event rates from such a beam. In preparation of a future neutron decay instrument the reflective properties of two non-magnetic neutron mirrors were measured. (orig.)