[en] It is difficult to estimate integral reactor parameters, especially reactivity, in deeply subcritical cores. Indeed the standard neutronic methods have been designed for near critical reactivity levels and they often need a critical reference. This thesis takes part in the research on ADS (Accelerated Driven Systems), for which the multiplication coefficient would be about 0.95. The first part of the thesis deals with the development of the XMODE system. It is a flexible measurement system dedicated to experiments in neutronics. X-MODE is capable of acquiring logical signals particularly in time-stamping mode as well as analogical signals. The second part of the thesis presents a statistical study of the methods used to analyse flux transients. Indeed a lot of methods exist to analyse flux transients and some are little known. Means to estimate characteristics of reactivity estimators are provided, methods compared and recommendations made. Finally, the dynamic measurements of the TRADE program are analysed and discussed. During this program, three subcritical configurations were explored. It appears that pulsed neutron source experiments give reactivity estimations that are much more precise than those obtained from flux transients. (author)