[en] Adjusting ability (technical competence), capacity (necessary resources) and sensibility (consciousness) are the three most important priorities any staff member of any organization should bear in mind while acting during a nuclear or radiological emergency. I have no doubt to affirm in the above context although two decades have gone last September, many lessons from the radiological accident in Goiania have not been fully learned. The events which unraveled in the fall of 1987 took the population of the city of Goiania completely by surprise: they did not comprehend what had happened and failed to grasp what measures needed to be taken, a situation which precipitated, besides the technical response in a very complex psychological and mental reaction, coupled with discrimination, which is my intention to discuss and to alert authorities. In September 1987, the removal of the rotating assembly of the shielding head of a Teletherapy unit and the dismantling of the capsule containing 50.9 TBq (1375 Ci) of Cs-137 led to the most serious radiological accident to have occurred to date. It resulted in the injure by radiation of many people, four of them fatally, and in a widespread contamination of the central area of Goiania, a Brazilian City of some one million inhabitants. Goiania is the Capital of the State of Goinas, 180 km from Brasilia, the capital of Brazil. The radiological accident in Goiania, with many parameters involved, was unique, because it happened in an urban setting center of the city and until now is the more important Laboratory to learn how to deal with in case of similar situation. The accident presents lessons that cover the phase prior to the accident, the emergency phase and the aftermath of the accident up to the present, twenty years later. Each phase was marked by conflicts by individuals and organizations alike. Today, aside the medical treatment to the patients in observation, the repository where 3,500 cubic meters of waste are stored in more than 6,000 containers, still evokes social and economical concern and mental and psychological emotion, among the victims. The Goiania accident involved all classes of the regional society. Not only were we faced with political and technical problems to deal with, but also social and economic and, simultaneously, the parallel parameter involving psychological and mental health, aspects, affected from apprehension, by society commotion, lack of credibility, perception of risk, misunderstanding of nuclear jargons, economic losses, neighborhood atmosphere, discrimination (by others due to fear, including relatives)