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[en] Haramay as bast fiber contains of cellulose fiber as the main part, mixedwith hemi cellulose, pectin, and lignin as binding material for cellulosefiber to keep it together in the bundle form. For textile material, this bastfiber has to be freed from its binding material, called as retting process,before subjecting to scouring, dyeing and finishing process in textileindustry. In the retting process the dissolve of binding material can be doneeither by using enzyme in bio technology or extraction with strong alkalinecondition in common technology. Using sodium hydroxide for dissolving thebinding material can be carried out easily with good dissolving ability, butcan render the strength retention of the cellulose fiber. Pre-treatment ofthe bast fiber with phosphoric acid (H3PO4), is expected to hydrolyze someof the binding materials that can not be dissolved in alkaline condition,including natural pigment that colored the fiber with creamy white. In thisstudy, the pre-treatment process before retting with phosphoric acid wascarried out in various condition, such as concentration of phosphoric acid (5ml/l- 25 ml/l), time and temperature of pre-treatment (1-3 hours at 50 oC or12-24 hours at room temperature), followed by neutralization in dilutealkaline. The retting process was carried out by means of scouring in variousconcentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH 38oBe, 10 ml/l-30 m/l), and then wascontinued with bleaching process in hydrogen peroxide solution. Aftercarrying out those experiment, the bast fiber that called haramay wassubjected to testing for weight reduction, strength retention and degree ofwhiteness. From the testing results it is concluded that pre-treatment withphosphoric acid can increase the weight reduction, strength retention ortenacity and degree of whiteness of haramay fiber compared to the oneswithout pre-treatment with phosphoric acid. The best result was obtained bypre-treatment with 5 ml/l H3PO4 at 50 oC for 2 hours, continued by rettingprocess with 20 ml/l NaOH 38oBe at boiling temperature for one hour. (author)
Source
Sukarsono, R.; Karmanto, Eko-Edy; Suradjijo, Ganang (National Nuclear Energy Agency, Yogyakarta (Indonesia)) (eds.); Centre for Research and Development of Advanced Technology, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Yogyakarta (Indonesia); 404 p; ISSN 0216-3128; 
; 2000; p. 109-114; Scientific Meeting and Presentation on Basic Research in Nuclear Science and Technology; Pertemuan dan Presentasi Ilmiah Penelitian Dasar Ilmu Pengetahuan danTeknologi Nuklir; Yogyakarta (Indonesia); 25-26 Jul 2000; Also available from Center for Development of Nuclear Informatics,National Nuclear Energy Agency, Puspiptek Area, Fax. 62-21-7560923, PO BOX4274, Jakarta (ID); 8 refs.; 10 figs.
; 2000; p. 109-114; Scientific Meeting and Presentation on Basic Research in Nuclear Science and Technology; Pertemuan dan Presentasi Ilmiah Penelitian Dasar Ilmu Pengetahuan danTeknologi Nuklir; Yogyakarta (Indonesia); 25-26 Jul 2000; Also available from Center for Development of Nuclear Informatics,National Nuclear Energy Agency, Puspiptek Area, Fax. 62-21-7560923, PO BOX4274, Jakarta (ID); 8 refs.; 10 figs.