[en] The National Energy Plan 2030, issued by the Energy Research Company of the Brazilian Ministry of Mines and Energy (EPE, 2007), formalized a reference scenario for the renaissance of the nuclear option in Brazil. This scenario includes the completion of Angra 3 Nuclear Power Plant up to 2014 and the construction of four additional nuclear power plants of 1000 MWe: a fourth unit by 2020, a fifth unit by 2025 and the sixth and seventh plants by 2030. Worldwide, the energy demand and the renaissance of nuclear energy as a primary source for electric power generation are leading the industry toward new constructions as well as uprates and operational life extensions. In this new scenario the decommissioning is pushed further into the future and Brazil is not an exception, considering that Angra 1 NPP is under a process of uprating and certainly will apply for and will receive license renewals allowing its operation for 20 or more years beyond its original project. Thus, why to focus on decommissioning in the present? What is the importance of decommissioning for the development of the Brazilian nuclear industry considering the existing reactors? Should the decommissioning be considered in the design of the new nuclear power plants? What would be the decommissioning plan for the Brazilian Nuclear Power Plants? The present paper is intended to contextualize the decommissioning in the present scenarios as well as to try to answer the above questions. (author)