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AbstractAbstract
[en] The aim of this work was to perform numerical simulations of the thermal and mechanical behavior of a particle-based nuclear fuel. This is a refractory composite material made of UO2 spherical particles which are coated with two layers of pyrocarbon and embedded in a graphite matrix at a high volume fraction (45%). The objective was to develop a multi-scale modeling of this composite material which can estimate its mean behavior as well as the heterogeneity of the local mechanical variables. The first part of this work was dedicated to the modeling of the microstructure in 3D. To do this, we developed tools to generate random distributions of spheres, meshes and to characterize the morphology of the microstructure towards the finite element code Cast3M. A hundred of numerical samples of the composite were created. The second part was devoted to the characterization of the thermo-elastic behavior by the finite element modeling of the samples. We studied the influence of different modeling parameters, one of them is the boundary conditions. We proposed a method to vanish the boundary conditions effects from the computed solution by analyzing it on an internal sub-volume of the sample obtained by erosion. Then, we determined the effective properties (elastic moduli, thermal conductivity and thermal expansion) and the stress distribution within the matrix. Finally, in the third part we proposed a multi-scale modeling to determine the mean values and the variance and covariance of the local mechanical variables for any macroscopic load. This statistical approach have been used to estimate the intra-phase distribution of these variables in the composite material. (author)
[fr]
Ce travail de these a porte sur la simulation numerique du comportement thermique et mecanique d'un combustible nucleaire a particules. Il s'agit d'un composite refractaire constitue d'une matrice de graphite comportant 45 % en fraction volumique de particules spheriques d'UO2 revetues de deux couches de pyrocarbone. L'objectif etait de developper une modelisation multi-echelles de ce composite afin d'estimer son comportement moyen, ainsi que les heterogeneites des champs mecaniques au sein des constituants. Nous avons modelise la microstructure du combustible et genere des echantillons numeriques en 3D. Pour cela, des outils de generation de distributions aleatoires de spheres, de maillage et de caracterisation microstructurale, telle la covariance, ont ete developpes dans le code de calcul Cast3M. Une centaine d'echantillons numeriques de differentes tailles ont ete realises. Le comportement thermo-elastique du combustible a ete caracterise a partir de ces echantillons, a l'aide de calculs de microstructures par elements finis. Nous avons etudie l'influence de divers parametres de la modelisation, dont les conditions aux limites. Nous proposons une methode pour s'affranchir des effets des conditions aux limites sur les resultats, appelee methode d'erosion. Elle s'appuie sur l'analyse des resultats sur un erode du volume elementaire. Nous avons alors determine les proprietes effectives du composite (modules d'elasticite, conductivite thermique, dilatation thermique), ainsi que les distributions des champs mecaniques locaux au sein de la matrice. Enfin, nous avons propose un modele de changement d'echelles permettant d'obtenir, non seulement les valeurs moyennes des variables mecaniques dans chaque phase, mais egalement leurs variances et covariances pourtout chargement macroscopique impose. Cette approche statistique de changement d'echelles permet ainsi d'estimer la distribution des grandeurs mecaniques au sein de chaque phase du compositeOriginal Title
Modelisation multi-echelles du comportement thermo-elastique de composites a particules spheriques
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30 Nov 2010; 160 p; [110 refs.]; Available from the INIS Liaison Officer for France, see the 'INIS contacts' section of the INIS-NKM website for current contact and E-mail addresses: http://www.iaea.org/inis/contacts/; Sciences pour l'Ingenieur, Mecanique et Materiaux
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Report
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Thesis/Dissertation
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ACTINIDE COMPOUNDS, CALCULATION METHODS, CARBON, CHALCOGENIDES, COMPUTER CODES, ELEMENTS, ENERGY SOURCES, EXPANSION, FUELS, MATERIALS, MATHEMATICAL SOLUTIONS, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, NONMETALS, NUMERICAL SOLUTION, OXIDES, OXYGEN COMPOUNDS, PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, REACTOR MATERIALS, SIMULATION, THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES, URANIUM COMPOUNDS, URANIUM OXIDES
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