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AbstractAbstract
[en] Plasma facing components constitute the first wall in contact with plasma in fusion machines such as Tore Supra and ITER. These components have to sustain high heat flux and consequently elevated temperatures. They are made up of an armour material, the carbon-carbon composite, a heat sink structure material, the copper chromium zirconium, and a material, the OFHC copper, which is used as a compliant layer between the carbon-carbon composite and the copper chromium zirconium. Using different materials leads to the apparition of strong residual stresses during manufacturing, because of the thermal expansion mismatch between the materials, and compromises the lasting operation of fusion machines as damage which appeared during manufacturing may propagate. The objective of this study is to understand the damage mechanisms of the carbon-carbon composite and the composite-copper bond under solicitations that plasma facing components may suffer during their life. The mechanical behaviours of carbon-carbon composite and composite-copper bond were studied in order to define the most suitable models to describe these behaviours. With these models, thermomechanical calculations were performed on plasma facing components with the finite element code Cast3M. The manufacturing of the components induces high stresses which damage the carbon-carbon composite and the composite-copper bond. The damage propagates during the cooling down to room temperature and not under heat flux. Alternative geometries for the plasma facing components were studied to reduce damage. The relation between the damage of the carbon-carbon composite and its thermal conductivity was also demonstrated. (author)
[fr]
Les composants face au plasma constituent la premiere paroi en contact avec le plasma dans les machines de fusion telles que Tore Supra et ITER. Ces composants doivent supporter des flux importants et donc des temperatures elevees. Ils sont composes d'un materiau de protection, le composite carbone-carbone, d'un materiau de structure, le cuivre chrome zirconium, et d'un materiau, le cuivre doux, qui sert de couche d'adaptation entre le composite carbone-carbone et le cuivre chrome zirconium. L'utilisation de materiaux differents entraîne l'apparition de fortes contraintes residuelles de fabrication, dues a la dilatation differentielle entre les materiaux, et compromet le fonctionnement durable des machines de fusion puisque l'endommagement apparu a la fabrication peut se propager. L'objectif de la these est donc d'etudier l'endommagement du composite carbone-carbone et de la liaison composite-cuivre sous les sollicitations que peuvent subir les composants face au plasma au cours de leur vie. Les comportements mecaniques du composite carbone-carbone et de la liaison composite-cuivre ont donc ete etudies afin de mettre en place les modeles les mieux adaptes a la description de leur comportement. Avec ces modeles, des calculs thermomecaniques ont ete realises sur les composants face au plasma avec le code elements finis Cast3M. La fabrication de ces composants engendre des contraintes elevees qui endommagent le composite carbone-carbone et la liaison composite-cuivre. L'endommagement se propage lors des retours a temperature ambiante et non lors de l'exposition a un flux thermique. Des geometries alternatives pour les composants face au plasma ont ete etudiees pour reduire l'endommagement. La relation entre l'endommagement du composite carbone-carbone et sa conductivite thermique a egalement ete demontreeOriginal Title
Endommagement du composite carbone-carbone et de la liaison composite-cuivre dans les composants a haut flux pour la fusion controlee
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15 Oct 2010; 261 p; [100 refs.]; Available from the INIS Liaison Officer for France, see the 'INIS contacts' section of the INIS-NKM website for current contact and E-mail addresses: http://www.iaea.org/inis/contacts/; Mecanique et Ingenierie
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