[en] Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community (further in the text Euratom Treaty) was signed in Rome in 1957. The main objective of the Euratom Treaty is to pool the nuclear industries of Member States. Since 1957, the number of articles was reduced from 234 to 177 following the signature in 2007 of the Treaty amending the Treaty on European Union (EU Treaty) and the Treaty establishing the European Community (EC Treaty). According to the Euratom Treaty, the specific tasks of Euratom are: to promote research and ensure the dissemination of technical information (establishment of the Joint Research Centre), to establish uniform safety standards to protect the health of workers and of the general public and ensure that they are applied, to facilitate investment and ensure the establishment of the basic installations necessary for the development of nuclear energy in the EU, to ensure that all users in the EU receive a regular and equitable supply of ores and nuclear fuels (establishment of the Euratom Supply Agency), to make certain that civil nuclear materials are not diverted to other (particularly military) purposes (Euratom safeguards), to exercise the right of ownership conferred upon it with respect to special fissile materials, to foster progress in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy by working with other countries and international organizations (like IAEA), to establish joint undertakings (ITER project). Although Croatian research institutions have possibility to participate in the Framework Euratom Programme on nuclear research in fusion and fission on voluntary basis, full membership in Euratom with all rights and obligations will be obtained upon accession to EU. In this paper the main aspects of Euratom Treaty will be presented with special accent on future rights and obligations of the Republic of Croatia upon accession to EU.(author).