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AbstractAbstract
[en] This thesis is dedicated to the identification and modelization of the phenomena which are at the origin of the release of the fission gas formed in UO2 plate fuels during the irradiation in a power transient. In the first experimental part, samples of plate fuels, irradiated at 36 GWj/tU, have been annealed to temperatures from 1100 C to 1500 C in a device that enabled the measurement of gas release in real time. At 1300 C, post-annealing observations demonstrated a link between the measured gas releases to a rapid formation of labyrinths at the grain surface. These labyrinths, which were formed by intergranular bubble interconnection, create release paths for the gas atoms which reach the grain surface. At this stage, the available experimental results (annealing and observations) were interpreted considering that it is the spreading of the gas atoms from the grains to the grain boundaries that is at the origin of the observed releases. This interpretation generates the hypothesis that a) at the end of the basic irradiation, the gas is at the atomic state and b) during the annealing, the spreading is reduced by the intragranular bubbles of the gas atoms. The last part of the work is dedicated to the modelization of the main phenomena at the origin of the gas release. The model developed, based on the model of the gas behaviour in MARGARET PWR, highlighted the great influence of the irradiation conditions on the gas distribution at the end of the irradiation and also its influence on the fission gas release during the power transient. (author)
[fr]
Cette these a ete consacree a l'identification et a la modelisation des phenomenes responsables du relachement des gaz de fission formes au cours de l'irradiation dans les combustibles UO2 a plaques lors d'un transitoire de puissance. Dans une premiere partie experimentale, des echantillons de combustible a plaques, irradies a 36 GWj/tU, ont ete recuits a des temperatures allant de 1100 C a 1500 C dans un dispositif permettant de mesurer en ligne les relachements de gaz. Des observations post-recuits ont permis de relier ces relachements mesures a la formation rapide, des 1300 C, de labyrinthes a la surface des grains. Ces labyrinthes, issus de l'interconnexion des bulles presentes aux joints de grains, forment des chemins de relachement pour les atomes de gaz qui, pendant le recuit, parviennent a la surface des grains apres une etape de migration intragranulaire. Dans une premiere etape, les resultats experimentaux disponibles (recuits et observations) ont ete interpretes en considerant que c'est la diffusion des atomes de gaz depuis les grains vers les joints de grains qui est responsable des relachements observes. Cette interpretation amene a faire l'hypothese qu'a la fin de l'irradiation de base, le gaz se trouve majoritairement a l'etat atomique, et que, pendant le recuit, la diffusion est ralentie par le piegeage des atomes de gaz par les bulles intragranulaires. La derniere partie des travaux a ete consacree a la modelisation des principaux phenomenes responsables du relachement des gaz. Le modele developpe, base sur le modele de comportement des gaz en REP MARGARET, a permis de mettre en avant la forte influence des conditions d'irradiation sur la repartition du gaz a la fin de l'irradiation et sur le relachement des gaz de fission pendant le transitoireOriginal Title
Modelisation du comportement des gaz de fission en regime transitoire dans le combustible a plaques
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12 Dec 2003; 210 p; 113 refs.; Available from the INIS Liaison Officer for France, see the 'INIS contacts' section of the INIS-NKM website for current contact and E-mail addresses: http://www.iaea.org/INIS/contacts/; Sciences des Materiaux
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Report
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Thesis/Dissertation
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