[en] Discovered in 1995 at Fermilab, top quark is the last quark discovered. The measurement of its properties allows physicists to test Standard Model predictions and to constraint Higgs boson mass. Due to its properties, the top quark is a privileged partner in the search for New Physics particles expected around TeV scale. This thesis, performed using the ATLAS detector at LHC, describes the different methods developed in order to measure precisely the top quark mass in its semileptonic decay. Two reconstruction methods are presented as well as a dedicated one based on Boosted Decision Trees. Its performances are quantified. The precise measurement of the top quark mass needs a deep understanding of the jet energy scale. This thesis presents two strategies to calibrate light and b jets to the parton scale. The performance of a kinematical fit applied to top mass measurement are presented. A precise measurement of the top quark mass is done using a calibrated scale to the parton level. The following values have been obtained with 1 fb^-1 data: m(top)=(174.05±0.58(stat)±1.75(syst)) GeV²/c² for the method based on topological vicinity and m(top)=(176.1±0.4(stat)±2.2(syst)) GeV²/c² for the method based on Boosted Decision Tree