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Chang, Xiaojun; Vikesland, Peter J., E-mail: pvikes@vt.edu2013
AbstractAbstract
[en] C60 forms colloidally stable nanoparticles (nC60) via extended mixing or solvent exchange. Many studies on the environmental impacts of nC60 use aliquots from a large batch of nC60 suspension and either dilute them or subject them to other modifications under the assumption that the properties of the parent suspension remain stable over time and are unaltered by these manipulations. In the present study, nC60 produced via stirring in the presence of sodium citrate (cit/nC60) was characterized with respect to particle size, surface charge, and morphology following dilution. Counter-intuitively, the results show that the colloidal properties of diluted cit/nC60 are not fixed despite constant solution chemistry and are dependent upon the ratios of [C60] to [Na+] and [citrate]. In some cases, diluted nC60 had significantly different morphology. This study suggests that any experiment involving modifications of stock nC60 suspensions must take the altered colloidal properties of the diluted nC60 into consideration. -- Highlights: •Size and surface charge of nC60 suspensions do not change substantially after dilution in water. •Dilution by Na3Cit changes the colloidal properties of cit/nC60. •[C60], [C60]/[Cit],and [C60]/[Na+] determine the colloidal properties of the final nC60. •nC60 undergo significant morphological changes after dilution. -- The simple act of dilution has the potential to alter the colloidal properties of nC60. Extreme care should be taken to ensure that dilution does not alter nC60 in undetected ways
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S0269-7491(13)00314-X; Available from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.05.054; Copyright (c) 2013 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, All rights reserved.; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
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