[en] Structure and ownership: The unbundling of the vertically integrated SEBs into separate generation, transmission and distribution segments, combined with the provision of open access to transmission and distribution lines for electricity trading have encouraged large scale investments in power generation capacities. The Electricity Act of 2003 emphasizes competition and the promotion of efficient and environmentally benign policies. These policies have encouraged investors to use the latest, state of the art generation technologies. The national electricity policy and the tariff policy issued by the government, in accord with the provisions of the Electricity Act, also require the deployment of efficient technologies such as supercritical combustion and integrated gasification and combined cycle technologies and the use of large size units in order to increase efficiency and reduce costs. Inspired by these measures, investors are deploying supercritical generation technology with higher main steam and reheat steam temperatures. This increases efficiency, reduces coal consumption and GHG emissions. Several 660 and 800 MW supercritical units have been planned both in the private and government sectors. Under its ultra mega project policy, the government has already awarded building four stations (each of 4000 MW capacity) using supercritical technology. There are also plans to use ultra-supercritical technology with even higher pressure of 280 bars and 600°C steam temperature which will further improve efficiency and reduce GHG emissions. The restructuring of the electricity sector has enabled several small, medium and large investors to enter the generation business. Generators can choose to sell electricity either to the distribution companies through long term PPAs or at power exchanges on a short or medium term basis. Whereas the act requires the electricity regulators to determine tariffs for electricity sales to distribution companies, the generators are free to sell electricity to traders or to any consumer by availing open access. These enabling provisions have considerably encouraged investors to engage in the power generation business. The share of private sector in generation has increased from 10.3% in 2003 to 24.3% in 2011