[en] The paper presents a bibliographic analysis of the recent results study of environmental pollution by radioactive substances, their influence on human health and their bioremediation technologies. Most radioactive wastes are generated by nuclear power plants, which contribution constitutes 95 % of all sources that generates radioactive pollutants. Even a low concentration of radionuclides can have a negative impact on human health and on the environment for a long time. It is presented the key of microorganisms introduced in biogeochemical cycles and their ability in maintaining the quality of the environment by their enormous physiological variety and huge potential to catabolic degradation of many organic molecules such as radioactive compounds, due to the adaptability to different environmental conditions. (authors)