[en] Pistacia chinensis Bunge is dioecious. The female and male plants have different economic values. In addition to the large differences in floral organ shape on the outside, the male and female plants also have remarkable differences in ecological adaptability and physiological and biochemical characteristics. Thus, studying whether these differences in biological characteristics between male and female plants are caused by metabolic differences is necessary. Our results showed 56 kinds of different metabolites (p=0.05) among the 235 metabolites detected between the female and male Pistacia plants, in which the contents of 20 kinds of metabolites in female plants were more than those in male plants, whereas the contents of 36 kinds of metabolites in male plants were more than those in female plants. Principal component analysis showed that the differences in peptide and hormone metabolites between the male and female plants of P. chinensis Bunge were the most significant. These differences may be the most important reason for the different biological characteristics between the male and female plants of P. chinensis Bunge. (author)