[en] There are as many chapters in this thesis as periods in my research activities. The first chapter is an introduction to this work, the second chapter deals with the subject of my doctoral thesis presented in 1991 and that was about the determination of the parameters of the hadronic resonance of the Z"0 boson at LEP. The third chapter is dedicated to my first post-doctoral researches at CERN in the team of the UA4/2 experiment. The aim of UA4/2 was to measure the real part of the proton-antiproton elastic scattering for an energy of 541 GeV measured in the center of mass frame. The technique of dispersion relations have been used to predict the total proton-proton or proton-antiproton cross-section at higher energies. The fourth chapter deals with my second post-doctoral job performed at the CRN of Strasbourg: I took part into the development of 3 charged track detectors: the Si microstrip detector, the microstrip gaseous chamber and the diamond microstrip counter. The fifth chapter is dedicated to my contribution to the design of the electromagnetic calorimeter of the ATLAS experiment. In 2005 I joined the team that fabricated the pixel detector for ATLAS and I took part into its implementation and the study of its first data. The improvement of the simulation model will allow us to optimize detector operation and to apprehend its aging due to radiation effects. Ideas for a better simulation are presented in the sixth chapter